Medically important bacterial–fungal interactions

Peleg, Anton Y.; Hogan, Deborah A.; Mylonakis, Eleftherios

doi:10.1038/nrmicro2313

Cited by 507 publications

(476 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…These signalling molecules also direct the transcriptomic outcomes of bacterial genes associated with virulence and adaptive tolerance (Peleg et al . 2010). Several Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria synthesize indoles as intracellular signalling molecules to control the virulence of pathogenic bacteria, such as, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (Lee et al ., 2007, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of 7‐benzyloxyindole and other halogenated indoles to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm and hyphal formation

Manoharan

Lee

2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryCertain pathogenic bacteria and yeast form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces including medical devices and implants. Hence, the development of antibiofilm coating materials becomes relevant. The virulence of those colonizing pathogens can be reduced by inhibiting biofilm formation rather than killing pathogens using excessive amounts of antimicrobials, which is touted as one of the main reasons for the development of drug resistance. Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, and the transition of yeast cells to hyphal cells is believed to be a crucial virulence factor. Previous studies have shown that indole and its derivatives possess antivirulence properties against various bacterial pathogens. In this study, we used various indole derivatives to investigate biofilm‐inhibiting activity against C. albicans. Our study revealed that 7‐benzyloxyindole, 4‐fluoroindole and 5‐iodoindole effectively inhibited biofilm formation compared to the antifungal agent fluconazole. Particularly, 7‐benzyloxyindole at 0.02 mM (4.5 μg ml−1) significantly reduced C. albicans biofilm formation, but had no effect on planktonic cells, and this finding was confirmed by a 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide (XTT) assay and three‐dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that 7‐benzyloxyindole effectively inhibited hyphal formation, which explains biofilm inhibition. Transcriptomic analysis showed that 7‐benzyloxyindole downregulated the expressions of several hypha/biofilm‐related genes (ALS3,ECE1,HWP1 and RBT1). A C. albicans‐infected Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to confirm the antivirulence efficacy of 7‐benzyloxyindole.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of 7‐benzyloxyindole and other halogenated indoles to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm and hyphal formation

Manoharan

Lee

2018

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…Clinically, biofilm infections represent an overwhelming problem, as the microorganisms embedded in the extracellular matrix are resistant to antibiotics as well as to the host defence. Polymicrobial pathogenic biofilms are not only found in the oral cavity, but also in the respiratory tracts, skin, the reproductive and urinary tract, in patients with chronic lung diseases and on in-dwelling mechanical devices (Peleg et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-feeding and interkingdom communication in dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

et al. 2014

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Polymicrobial biofilms are of large medical importance, but relatively little is known about the role of interspecies interactions for their physiology and virulence. Here, we studied two human pathogens co-occuring in the oral cavity, the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans and the caries-promoting bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Dual-species biofilms reached higher biomass and cell numbers than mono-species biofilms, and the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) by S. mutans was strongly suppressed, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and transcriptome analysis. To detect interkingdom communication, C. albicans was co-cultivated with a strain of S. mutans carrying a transcriptional fusion between a green fluorescent protein-encoding gene and the promoter for sigX, the alternative sigma factor of S. mutans, which is induced by quorum sensing signals. Strong induction of sigX was observed in dual-species biofilms, but not in single-species biofilms. Conditioned media from mixed biofilms but not from C. albicans or S. mutans cultivated alone activated sigX in the reporter strain. Deletion of comS encoding the synthesis of the sigX-inducing peptide precursor abolished this activity, whereas deletion of comC encoding the competence-stimulating peptide precursor had no effect. Transcriptome analysis of S. mutans confirmed induction of comS, sigX, bacteriocins and the downstream late competence genes, including fratricins, in dual-species biofilms. We show here for the first time the stimulation of the complete quorum sensing system of S. mutans by a species from another kingdom, namely the fungus C. albicans, resulting in fundamentally changed virulence properties of the caries pathogen.

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“…Admixture of bacterial-fungal biofilms present attributes which are distinct from those exhibited by their singlespecies conformations. Clinical studies coupled with in vitro model systems are pertinent to unravel or elucidate the mechanisms which bacterial-fungal interactions effect human health and well-being [39,40], and interspecies signaling as well as the implications of such signaling in the pathogenic expression of virulence traits between bacteria and fungi [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions in Bacteria and Fungi

Chukwuma¹

2017

J Bacteriol Mycol

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This paper concerns protein-carbohydrate interactions as they undergird numerous significant biological activities with special emphasis on bacteria and fungi. Carbohydrates are relevant biopolymers which possess diverse functions. Predominantly, carbohydrates serve as recognition macromolecules by specifically recognizing other biomolecules. Lectins are proteins which bind carbohydrate structures. Protein-carbohydrate interactions constitute the foundation of specific carbohydrate recognition by lectins. In comparison to the research on protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions, it is recently that scientists became interested more in protein-carbohydrate binding. Several of these interactions are associated with carbohydrates located at the cell surface as component of a membrane glycoprotein or glycolipid. Carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, polysaccharides, and glycolipids mediate multiple biological processes via their interactions with carbohydrate specific recognizing and binding proteins. These interactions are capable of influencing cellular adhesion and other cellular recognition activities, and also include signal transduction, inflammation, and host-pathogen recognition. Protein-carbohydrate interactions constitute the crux of several vital biological processes as well as signaling, recognition and catalysis. A perspective of these interactions at the molecular level [1,2] is liable to assist to develop newfangled, effective, efficient, increasingly predictive and selective therapeutic strategies which are potentially beneficial to mankind. Glycosidases and glycosyltransferases are certain carbohydrate-processing enzymes which govern the synthesis and breakdown of oligosaccharides. These enzymes have emerged as crucial targets in curbing bacterial and fungal pathogenesis, AIDS,

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Medically important bacterial–fungal interactions

Cited by 507 publications

References 91 publications

Efficacy of 7‐benzyloxyindole and other halogenated indoles to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm and hyphal formation

Efficacy of 7‐benzyloxyindole and other halogenated indoles to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm and hyphal formation

Cross-feeding and interkingdom communication in dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

Regulation of Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions in Bacteria and Fungi

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