Medicalizing Blackness: Making Racial Difference in the Atlantic World, 1780–1840 by Rana A. Hogarth

Herschthal, Eric

doi:10.1353/jer.2019.0101

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…By contrast, the architects of the pro-mask consensus are a coalition of mostly journalists, scientists, and government agencies, all of whom have established different formal systems of peer review and accountability. While it is widely known that these institutions do not always produce reliable knowledge, especially for matters concerning marginalized people (72)(73)(74)(75), their systems for generating and vetting information are still stronger than those of a loose movement of unaffiliated conspiracy theorists and creators on alternative media platforms. As a community, scientists and publishers must work to build better, more trustworthy consensuses by strengthening both the popular perception and the actual reality of a science informed by rigorous peer review that is performed by and accountable to a diverse array of knowledgeable stakeholders (76), and they must understand that their work is filtered through the lens of science communicators, both friendly and unfriendly, and participate in the process of correction and communication that leads to their work being interpreted as intended.…”

Section: Paper Citation Pro-mask Context Anti-mask Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective and deceptive citation in the construction of dueling consensuses

Beers,

Nguyễn,

Starbird

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to study science communication and, in particular, the transmission of consensus. In this study, we show how “science communicators,” writ large to include both mainstream science journalists and practiced conspiracy theorists, transform scientific evidence into two dueling consensuses using the effectiveness of masks as a case study. We do this by compiling one of the largest, hand-coded citation datasets of cross-medium science communication, derived from 5 million Twitter posts of people discussing masks. We find that science communicators selectively uplift certain published works while denigrating others to create bodies of evidence that support and oppose masks, respectively. Anti-mask communicators in particular often use selective and deceptive quotation of scientific work and criticize opposing science more than pro-mask communicators. Our findings have implications for scientists, science communicators, and scientific publishers, whose systems of sharing (and correcting) knowledge are highly vulnerable to what we term adversarial science communication.

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Section: Paper Citation Pro-mask Context Anti-mask Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective and deceptive citation in the construction of dueling consensuses

Beers,

Nguyễn,

Starbird

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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“…In Europe, pica was recognized as a symptom of the illness chlorosis (later identified as anemia), while in the United States and the Caribbean, enslaved women who were observed to be eating earth were diagnosed with Cachexia Africana, a racialized illness believed to be distinct from chlorosis. 10 In the case of Cachexia Africana, women were believed to be teaching their children the unwanted behaviors, not believing that the children might have compulsions of their own (and were "treated" or rather punished, using violent means). The fact that geophagy persists as a compulsion despite the stigma attached to it lends support to Young's assertion that this behavior has evolutionary roots.…”

Section: The Who and What Of Geophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collected by agents of European colonization (missionaries, explorers, and anthropologists), they were recorded as evidence of the inferiority of Indigenous populations. In Europe, pica was recognized as a symptom of the illness chlorosis (later identified as anemia), while in the United States and the Caribbean, enslaved women who were observed to be eating earth were diagnosed with Cachexia Africana, a racialized illness believed to be distinct from chlorosis 10 . In the case of Cachexia Africana, women were believed to be teaching their children the unwanted behaviors, not believing that the children might have compulsions of their own (and were “treated” or rather punished, using violent means).…”

Section: The Who and What Of Geophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting geophagy: An evolved sickness behavior to microbiome‐mediated gastrointestinal inflammation

Dorsey,

Miller

2023

Evolutionary Anthropology

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Geophagy, the consumption of clay or similar substances, is known as an evolved behavior that protects vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and children, against gastrointestinal injury. However, perplexing questions remain, like the presence of geophagy in the absence of overt gastrointestinal infection and the potential causal relationship between geophagy and iron deficiency anemia. In this review, we hypothesize that geophagy is an inflammation‐mediated sickness behavior regulated via the vagus nerve. We further hypothesize that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in mediating the relationship between inflammation and geophagy. By including inflammation and the microbiome within the existing protection hypothesis, we can explain how subclinical gastrointestinal states induce geophagy. Furthermore, we can explain how gastrointestinal inflammation is responsible for both geophagy and iron‐deficiency anemia, explaining why the two phenomena frequently co‐occur. Ultimately, defining geophagy as a sickness behavior allows us to integrate the gut‐brain axis into geophagy research.

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“…As we previously asserted, anti-racism work is public health work. From this premise, we must confront that the development of tools, techniques and discourses foundational to the field have been constituted by colonial projects, [14][15][16][17][18] transatlantic slavery 19,20 and their many afterlives. [21][22][23] Scholarship critical of these histories recount the development and refinement of epidemiological tools by scientists, medical practitioners, and colonial administrators to study and treat infectious diseases.…”

Section: Beyond Epidemiology: Historicizing Public Health and Its Inn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thinking ‘beyond’: critical reflections on race, racism, and the field of public health

Mbulaheni,

Sobers

2023

UTJPH

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The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply impacted all aspects of life in Canada, revealing systemic racism as a foundational issue perpetuating health and social inequalities for racialized communities. In the field of public health, there is a growing recognition that addressing racism is crucial for achieving health equity and that anti-racist work is public health work. As guest editors of this special issue, we emphasize that in order to achieve this goal, the public health community needs to think in the ‘beyond’. To think in the beyond is to name, reflect on and subvert the epistemological, methodological, and practical conventions that dominate public health. The authors reflect on key considerations in this regard that account for historical contexts of epidemiology’s methods, tools and practice, biomedical constructs of race, relationships of racialized power in sustaining health inequalities, whiteness as an object of critical analysis, and notions of legitimate knowledge in the quantitative-qualitative data continuum. We then provide a brief overview of each of the articles comprising this special issue and make connections to the ways they compel us to think in the ‘beyond’. By interrogating these considerations (and those exceeding this article), we can work towards a transformation of public health research, policy and practice, and the knowledge systems they are embedded within. The aim of this article is to underscore the urgent need to confront racism in public health and to reimagine and remake the field towards advancing health equity for racialized communities and for all.

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Medicalizing Blackness: Making Racial Difference in the Atlantic World, 1780–1840 by Rana A. Hogarth

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Selective and deceptive citation in the construction of dueling consensuses

Selective and deceptive citation in the construction of dueling consensuses

Revisiting geophagy: An evolved sickness behavior to microbiome‐mediated gastrointestinal inflammation

Thinking ‘beyond’: critical reflections on race, racism, and the field of public health

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