Medical treatments for the short term management of reflux oesophagitis

Preston, Cathy; Donnellan, Clare; Moayyedi, P

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003244

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For children above one year of age, there are no specific lifestyle changes, but factors that relieve the symptoms are considered [ 17 ]. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), histamine-2 (H2) receptor blockers, and prokinetic medicines make up the majority of pharmacologic treatment [ 18 ]. Rapid tachyphylaxis (decrease in response per dosage), irritability, headaches, and head banging in certain newborns are side effects of long-term H2 blocker usage [ 19 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Stridor in Severe Laryngomalacia: A Review Article

Jain¹,

Jain²

2022

Cureus

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Laryngomalacia is the term most broadly used to portray the "internal breakdown of structures of supraglottis of the larynx at the time of inspiration. It is often associated with stridor during inspiration, which is of a high pitch at the time of birth and comes into notice by 14 days. When there is an increase in breathing, stridor worsens, and it is usually position-dependent. Laryngomalacia means the weakening of the larynx resulting in a collapse of the laryngeal cartilages, especially the epiglottis, into the airway. This partially occludes the upper airway during inspiration and causes inspiratory stridor. The exact etiology of the condition is not known. It is a well-known cause of noisy breathing in neonates and infants. The common presentation is a neonate with flushing and high-pitched inspiratory stridor that is usually noticed before 14 days of age. This worsens with breathing and supine positioning and improves in a prone position. Less commonly, it can present with hypoxia, feeding problems, aspiration, and failure to thrive. The condition may increase in severity during early life but usually self-resolves by two years of age. The hiccuplike squeak of laryngomalacia during inspiration is due to unsettled air flowing through the laryngeal passage. The condition is diagnosed with laryngoscopy, and the treatment varies with presentation and severity. Neonates with the uncomplicated disease can be treated expectantly. Those presenting with feeding problems and gastroesophageal reflux will require acid suppression. Severe complications like aspiration, severe airway obstruction, and hypoxia will require surgical treatment, including supraglottoplasty. In cases where the surgical treatment failed, noninvasive ventilation can be advised. The article reviews the various medical and surgical interventions and the management of severe laryngomalacia.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Stridor in Severe Laryngomalacia: A Review Article

Jain¹,

Jain²

2022

Cureus

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“…Pharmacologic therapy is mainly comprised of histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors (PPI), and prokinetic agents. H2 blockers have been shown to be effective compared to placebo in large scale studies on adults [38], and there have been small case series in infants and children that have shown benefits in usage. Although there are no large randomized controlled trials specifically regarding the pediatric population, extrapolation of the data from large adult series as well as from the smaller case studies suggests that H2 blockers may be used in patients with GERD.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux

Yim

Chiou

Ongkasuwan

2016

Curr Treat Options Peds

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Otolaryngology Keywords Gastroesophageal reflux disease I Pediatric otolaryngology I Extraesophageal I Laryngopharyngeal reflux Opinion statement Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common problem that has been linked to multiple extraesophageal manifestations relevant to the otolaryngologist. Finding evidence for a causal relationship between reflux and manifestations of otolaryngologic disease is often difficult, however, due in part to the non-specific nature of extraesophageal symptoms and the lack of pathognomonic endoscopic or laryngoscopic signs. This poses an even greater challenge in pediatrics given the inherent unreliability when obtaining subjectively reported data from younger aged children. Numerous studies have drawn a correlation between GERD and specific extraesophageal symptoms such as otitis media, sinusitis, chronic cough, and various laryngeal findings; however, determining a clear causative relationship has proven to be much more difficult. Further studies must be done to elucidate the true pathophysiologic mechanisms behind these disease processes. Diagnosis of GERD is challenging and is typically over-diagnosed among otolaryngologists based on laryngoscopic findings. This method has been proven to be both inconsistent and non-specific when evaluating for the presence of GERD. Impedance monitoring is supplanting pH probes as the new gold standard; the clinical utility of impedance testing among patients with extraesophageal symptoms remains unclear however and there are practical limitations in performing these studies in children. The accuracy of diagnostic tests (laryngoscopy, endoscopy, and pH-or pH-impedance monitoring) for patients with suspected extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease remains suboptimal at this time. Management options for GERD include lifestyle changes, pharmacologic therapy, and surgical intervention. H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors are effective treatment options in children but must be used judiciously given their potential side-effect profiles. Surgical options remain for those cases which are refractory to medical management. Multidisciplinary approaches and close collaboration between otolaryngologists and gastroenterologists is recommended to ensure application of best practice guidelines and for continued improvements in this area.

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Medical treatments for the short term management of reflux oesophagitis

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Management of Stridor in Severe Laryngomalacia: A Review Article

Management of Stridor in Severe Laryngomalacia: A Review Article

Otolaryngologic Manifestations of Gastroesophageal Reflux

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