Clomiphene citrate (CC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, originally developed in 1956 and introduced into clinical medicine in 1967 for the treatment of female infertility. CC has also been explored for off-label use for male infertility and male hypogonadal symptoms. This article will review the medical literature on CC and its contribution to the treatment of male hypogonadism. A comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to CC through April 2020 was performed through PubMed. We included 52 articles that were relevant to CC. Abstracts and case reports were not included in this comprehensive review. CC as a monotherapy, as well as CC combined with vitamins and other non-Food and Drug Administration-approved substances, has been shown to have mixed results in improving male factor infertility. A variety of questionnaires have been used to describe changes in hypogonadal symptoms with CC treatment. Articles have reported conflicting outcomes regarding improved hypogonadal symptoms with CC treatment. CC is generally considered a safe drug, and the majority of CC studies do not report any significant side effects. Side effects that have been reported include headache, gynecomastia, visual disturbances, dizziness, and mood instability. CC is regarded as an effective therapy for specific patients who suffer from male factor infertility and complain of hypogonadal symptoms. More studies are needed to further validate CC's efficacy for male infertility and hypogonadism.