Medical student gender and issues of confidence

Blanch, Danielle C.; Hall, Judith A.; Roter, Debra; Frankel, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/j.pec.2008.05.021

Cited by 205 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Female students were viewed as significantly less confident and more anxious than their male counterparts [12], but results in the realm of clinical performance have not been consistent, regarding an advantage for either female or male students [13][14][15]26]. Despite an advantage of females regarding palpatory diagnostic competencies in our study, students of both genders achieved comparable results during practical manipulative assessment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…It remains possible that male students tend to overestimate their abilities and are more likely to apply greater force than female students in SM training, implying that they may need closer supervision by experienced professionals [30]. In contrast, female students tend to underestimate their abilities, report more anxiety about their performance, greater stress over competency issues and less confidence in their abilities [12], issues which the PAL environment could diminish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, however, neither PAL strategies nor gender differences with regard to this learning process have been investigated in this context. The research of the role of biological sex and sociological gender has added important results for treatment strategies, clinical research and career planning of physicians, but the results in the area of clinical performance have not been consistent, with respect to advantages for female or male students [12][13][14][15]. To test this hypothesis, the study attempts to combine the PAL concept with SM therapy searching for a genderrelated outcome difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge transfer of spinal manipulation skills by student-teachers: a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2012

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Purpose To assess the use of peer-assisted learning (PAL) of complex manipulative motor skills with respect to gender in medical students. Methods In 2007-2010, 292 students in their 3rd and 4th years of medical school were randomly assigned to two groups [Staff group (SG), PAL group (PG)] led by either staff tutors or student-teachers (ST). The students were taught bimanual practical and diagnostic skills (course education module of eight separate lessons) as well as a general introduction to the theory of spinal manipulative therapy. In addition to qualitative data collection (Likert scale), evaluation was performed using a multiple-choice questionnaire in addition to an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Results Complex motor skills as well as palpatory diagnostic competencies could in fact be better taught through professionals than through ST (manipulative OSCE grades/ diagnostic OSCE score; SG vs. PG; male: P = 0.017/ P \ 0.001, female: P \ 0.001/P \ 0.001). The registration of theoretical knowledge showed equal results in students taught by staff or ST. In both teaching groups (SG: n = 147, PG: n = 145), no significant differences were observed between male and female students in matters of manipulative skills or theoretical knowledge. Diagnostic competencies were better in females than in males in the staff group (P = 0.041) Overall, students were more satisfied with the environment provided by professional teachers than by ST, though male students regarded the PAL system more suspiciously than their female counterparts. Conclusions The peer-assisted learning system does not seem to be generally qualified to transfer such complex spatiotemporal demands as spinal manipulative procedures.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge transfer of spinal manipulation skills by student-teachers: a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2012

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“…We hypothesized that residents' knowledge and confidence in UDT interpretation would be low, and that they would be positively associated with each other. Secondarily, because previous studies have found that physician selfassessment differs by gender and experience, [25][26][27][28] we sought to explore whether differences in residents' gender, training level, or frequency of using UDT moderate the association between knowledge and confidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

They Don’t Know What They Don’t Know: Internal Medicine Residents’ Knowledge and Confidence in Urine Drug Test Interpretation for Patients with Chronic Pain

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND: Urine drug testing (UDT) can help identify misuse or diversion of opioid medications among patients with chronic pain. However, misinterpreting results can lead to false reassurance or erroneous conclusions about drug use. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between resident physicians' knowledge about UDT interpretation and confidence in their ability to interpret UDT results. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: Internal medicine residents in a university health system in the Bronx, from 2010 to 2011. MAIN MEASURES:We assessed knowledge using a 7-item scale (UDT knowledge score), and confidence in UDT interpretation using a single statement ("I feel confident in my ability to interpret the results of urine drug tests"). We conducted chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression to determine the association between knowledge and confidence, and in exploratory analyses to examine whether resident characteristics (gender, training level, and UDT use) moderated the relationship between knowledge and confidence. KEY RESULTS: Among 99 residents, the mean UDT knowledge score was 3.0 out of 7 (SD 1.2). Although 55 (56 %) of residents felt confident in their ability to interpret UDT results, 40 (73 %) of confident residents had a knowledge score of 3 or lower. Knowledge score was not associated with confidence among the full sample or when stratified by training level or UDT use. The association between knowledge and confidence differed significantly by gender (interaction term p< 0.01). Adjusting for training level and UDT use, knowledge was positively associated with confidence among females (AOR 1.79, 95 % CI: 1.06, 3.30), and negatively associated with confidence among males (AOR 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.23, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Despite poor knowledge about UDT interpretation, most resident physicians felt confident in their ability to interpret UDT results. Gender differences warrant further exploration, but even confident physicians who use UDT should evaluate their proficiency in interpreting UDT results. Educational initiatives should emphasize the complexities of UDT interpretation.KEY WORDS: urine drug testing; chronic pain; opioid medications; physician self-assessment.

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“…While many studies have focused on self-assessment of IQ or other intelligence measures (Beyer and Bowden 1997, Beyer 1990, Furnham 2001, Furnham et al 2002, similar effects have been observed in work performance reviews and many other domains (Beyer 1990, Beyer et al 2003, Blanch et al 2008. This difference seems to stem, in part, from social pressure for female modesty (Furnham et al 2002), coupled with a lower self-attribution bias among women, in that they are less likely to falsely attribute their success to their own efforts (Beyer 1990, Miller andRoss 1975).…”

Section: Persistence and The Founding Gapmentioning

confidence: 83%

Second Thoughts About Second Acts: Gender Differences in Serial Founding Rates

Kuppuswamy

Mollick

2016

SSRN Journal

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Men are far more likely to start new ventures than women. We argue that one explanation of this gap is that women respond differently to signals of past entrepreneurial success due to the "male hubris, female humility" effect. We argue that as a result women are disproportionately less likely to persist in second founding attempts than men when they have succeeded or failed by large margins. Using a data set of serial founders in crowdfunding, we find evidence supporting this prediction. We then turn to a unique survey of founders in crowdfunding in order to examine alternative explanations. We find support for a variety of systematic differences between male and female founders, but the persistence effect remains. While decreased persistence in the face of low quality opportunities benefits women individually, we argue that it disadvantages women as a group, as it leads to 25.3% fewer female-led foundings in our sample than would have occurred if women reacted similarly to men. Abstract: Men are far more likely to start new ventures than women. We argue that one explanation of this gap is that women respond differently to signals of past entrepreneurial success due to the "male hubris, female humility" effect. We argue that as a result women are disproportionately less likely to persist in second founding attempts than men when they have succeeded or failed by large margins. Using a data set of serial founders in crowdfunding, we find evidence supporting this prediction. We then turn to a unique survey of founders in crowdfunding in order to examine alternative explanations. We find support for a variety of systematic differences between male and female founders, but the persistence effect remains. While decreased persistence in the face of low quality opportunities benefits women individually, we argue that it disadvantages women as a group, as it leads to 25.3% fewer female-led foundings in our sample than would have occurred if women reacted similarly to men. * Authorship is alphabetical; both authors contributed equally in developing this paper. The authors would like to thank Adam Cox, Disciplines Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods

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Medical student gender and issues of confidence

Cited by 205 publications

References 62 publications

Knowledge transfer of spinal manipulation skills by student-teachers: a randomised controlled trial

Knowledge transfer of spinal manipulation skills by student-teachers: a randomised controlled trial

They Don’t Know What They Don’t Know: Internal Medicine Residents’ Knowledge and Confidence in Urine Drug Test Interpretation for Patients with Chronic Pain

Second Thoughts About Second Acts: Gender Differences in Serial Founding Rates

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