Medical School Curricula in Spirituality and Medicine

Fortin, Auguste H.

doi:10.1001/jama.291.23.2883

Cited by 85 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the US, 84 out of 126 accredited medical schools are offering courses on spirituality in medicine. 5 However, if we understand prejudice as a "preconceived opinion" or an "opinion formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge", 6 we can see that the field studying the relationship between religion and health is undoubtedly full of prejudice. In that case, the prejudice may be for or against religion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiousness and mental health: a review

Moreira‐Almeida

Neto

Koenig

2006

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

515

178

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Religiousness and mental health: a review Religiosidade e saúde mental: uma revisão A b s t r a c t Objective: The relationship between religiosity and mental health has been a perennial source of controversy. This paper reviews the scientific evidence available for the relationship between religion and mental health. Method: The authors present the main studies and conclusions of a larger systematic review of 850 studies on the religion-mental health relationship published during the 20 th Century identified through several databases. The present paper also includes an update on the papers published since 2000, including researches performed in Brazil and a brief historical and methodological background. Discussion: The majority of well-conducted studies found that higher levels of religious involvement are positively associated with indicators of psychological well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, positive affect, and higher morale) and with less depression, suicidal thoughts and behavior, drug/alcohol use/abuse. Usually the positive impact of religious involvement on mental health is more robust among people under stressful circumstances (the elderly, and those with disability and medical illness). Theoretical pathways of the religiousness-mental health connection and clinical implications of these findings are also discussed. Conclusions: There is evidence that religious involvement is usually associated with better mental health. We need to improve our understanding of the mediating factors of this association and its use in clinical practice.Keywords: Mental health; Religion; Religion and Medicine; Religion and Psychology; Spirituality Resumo Objetivo: A relação entre religiosidade e saúde mental tem sido uma perene fonte de controvérsias. O presente artigo revisa a evidência científica disponível sobre a relação entre religião e saúde mental. Método: Os autores apresentam os principais estudos e as conclusões de uma revisão sistemática abrangente dos estudos sobre a relação religião-saúde mental. Utilizando-se de várias bases de dados, a revisão identificou 850 artigos publicados ao longo do século XX. O presente artigo também inclui uma breve contextualização histórica e metodológica, além de uma atualização com artigos publicados após 2000 e a descrição de pesquisas conduzidas no Brasil. Discussão: A ampla maioria dos estudos de boa qualidade encontrou que maiores níveis de envolvimento religioso estão associados positivamente a indicadores de bem estar psicológico (satisfação com a vida, felicidade, afeto positivo e moral mais elevado) e a menos depressão, pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas, uso/abuso de álcool/drogas. Habitualmente, o impacto positivo do envolvimento religioso na saúde mental é mais intenso entre pessoas sob estresse (idosos, e aqueles com deficiências e doenças clínicas). Mecanismos teóricos da conexão religiosidade-saúde mental e as implicações clínicas destes achados são discutidos. Conclusões: Há evidência suficiente disponível para se afirmar que o envolvimento religioso h...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiousness and mental health: a review

Moreira‐Almeida

Neto

Koenig

2006

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

515

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…4. The partnership has three keys to success: 9 adequate introductions for team members, clear expectations for participants, and 10 opportunities for feedback. The themes presented indicate several benefits of pairing 11 physicians and chaplains in the setting of direct patient care and suggest that this is an effective 12 approach to incorporating spirituality in medical training.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Four major themes 6 emerged from the discussions in each of the focus groups. Physicians noted that they were introduced to new ways of approaching patient interactions 10 from observing chaplain interns speaking at the bedside with the patient on rounds. These new 11 techniques included active listening, observing, and using appropriate language for discussing 12 spirituality.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Chaplains on the Medical Team: A Qualitative Analysis of an Interprofessional Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents and Chaplain Interns

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Improved collaboration between physicians and chaplains has the potential to improve patient experience. To better understand the benefits and challenges of learning together, the authors conducted several focus groups with participants in an interprofessional curriculum that partnered internal medicine residents with chaplain interns in the clinical setting. The authors derived four major qualitative themes from the transcripts: 1. Physician learners became aware of effective communication skills for addressing spirituality. 2. Chaplain interns enhanced the delivery of team-based patient-centered care. 3. Chaplains were seen as a source of emotional support to the medical team. 4. The partnership has three keys to success: adequate introductions for team members, clear expectations for participants, and opportunities for feedback. The themes presented indicate several benefits of pairing physicians and chaplains in the setting of direct patient care and suggest that this is an effective approach to incorporating spirituality in medical training. We thank the reviewer for the suggestion in better presenting our findings. Accordingly, we have removed Table 3 from the manuscript, and have instead added a section with an introduction to each component of Theme 4 and representative quotes. To better organized findings for the readers, we have added bold headings for each theme, and underlined headings for the sub-themes in Theme 4. We have also corrected several small errors in the text, and improved the wording of some of the text. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation Thank you for this very important work. Hopefully, this will model for other MD's how to address spiritual needs of patients. Interestingly, the curriculum was of benefit to the healthcare provider as well. I see lots of benefits for patient outcomes from this work.We appreciate the positive regard of this reviewer, and certainly hope that our work will inspire other innovations in the fields of health care education.In conclusion, we greatly appreciated the opportunity to revise our manuscript. We believe it has been improved by the review process and will make a significant contribution to the fields of medicine and pastoral care. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

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“…10 Currently, 80 of the nation's 126 accredited medical schools are offering courses on spirituality and medicine, up from 1 in 1992. 11 The content for these courses has been suggested, [12][13][14] but few curricula have been reported in the literature, 15 and there has been little empirical research on the ideal targeted learners, content, implementation, and efficacy of such courses. Faced with limited curricular time for new courses, we developed and piloted a brief workshop on spirituality and medicine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spirituality and medicine

Barnett

Fortin

2006

J Gen Intern Med

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INTRODUCTION: Governing bodies for medical education recommend that spirituality and medicine be incorporated into training. AIM: To pilot a workshop on spirituality and medicine on a convenience sample of preclinical medical students and internal medicine residents and determine whether content was relevant to learners at different levels, whether preliminary evaluation was promising, and to generate hypotheses for future research. SETTING: Private medical school and university primary care internal medicine residency program, both in the Northeast. CURRICULUM DESCRIPTION: The authors designed and implemented a required 2‐hour workshop for all second‐year medical students and a separate required 1.5‐hour workshop for all primary care internal medicine house staff. The workshops used multiple educational strategies including lecture, discussion, and role‐play to address educational objectives. PROGRAM EVALUATION: Learners completed optional, anonymous pre and postworkshop surveys with six 5‐point Likert‐rated statements and space to cite the most useful part of the curriculum and their remaining questions. One hundred and thirty‐seven learners participated and 100 completed both surveys. Medical students and residents had increased (all P≤.002): agreement regarding the appropriateness of inquiring about spiritual and religious beliefs in the medical encounter, their perceived competence in taking a spiritual history, and their perceived knowledge of available pastoral care resources. Medical students, but not residents, had an increase in their perceived comfort in working with hospital chaplains. DISCUSSION: A brief pilot workshop on spirituality and medicine had a modest effect in improving attitudes and perceived competence of both medical students and residents.

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Medical School Curricula in Spirituality and Medicine

Cited by 85 publications

References 17 publications

Religiousness and mental health: a review

Religiousness and mental health: a review

Chaplains on the Medical Team: A Qualitative Analysis of an Interprofessional Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents and Chaplain Interns

Spirituality and medicine

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