Medical Preparation for the Olympic Games

Stiles, Merritt H.

doi:10.1001/jama.1968.03140370073016

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Before the 1990s, major sports events mainly used traditional methods for disease surveillance. Traditional disease surveillance relied on routine manual filing of reportable diseases by clinicians [16][17][18][19][20][21]. With the continuous development of information technology, infectious disease surveillance technology in major sports events has gone through three stages of development.…”

Section: Surveillance Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Routine prevention and control measures include reminding participants to pay attention to personal hygiene, and strengthening publicity, education, and cooperation between health institutions [14,15]. For infectious disease surveillance and management, before the 1990s, major sports events mainly used traditional methods relying on routine manual filing of reportable diseases by clinicians [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The development of network communication technology makes it possible to quickly and automatically monitor infectious diseases based on a variety of data sources, including clinical data from health providers, drug sales from pharmacies, outbreak reports, emergency and urgent care data, websites and social media posts, environmental data, and travel flights, to name a few [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Yan

Fang

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Major sports events are the focus of the world. However, the gathering of crowds during these events creates huge risks of infectious diseases transmission, posing a significant public health threat. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological characteristics and prevention measures of infectious diseases at major sports events. Methods The procedure of this scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step methodological framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched systematically. The general information (ie, publication year, study type) of each study, sports events’ features (ie, date and host location), infectious diseases’ epidemiological characteristics (ie, epidemics, risk factors), prevention measures, and surveillance paradigm were extracted, categorized, and summarized. Results A total of 24,460 articles were retrieved from the databases and 358 studies were included in the final data synthesis based on selection criteria. A rapid growth of studies was found over recent years. The number of studies investigating epidemics and risk factors for sports events increased from 16/254 (6.3%) before 2000 to 201/254 (79.1%) after 2010. Studies focusing on prevention measures of infectious diseases accounted for 85.0% (238/280) of the articles published after 2010. A variety of infectious diseases have been reported, including respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, vector-borne infection, blood-borne infection, and water-contact infection. Among them, respiratory tract infections were the most concerning diseases (250/358, 69.8%). Besides some routine prevention measures targeted at risk factors of different diseases, strengthening surveillance was highlighted in the literature. The surveillance system appeared to have gone through three stages of development, including manual archiving, network-based systems, and automated intelligent platforms. Conclusions This critical summary and collation of previous empirical evidence is meaningful to provide references for holding major sports events. It is essential to improve the surveillance techniques for timely detection of the emergence of epidemics and to improve risk perception in future practice.

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Section: Surveillance Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review

Yan

Fang

et al. 2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Mass-Gathering Medical Care: A Review of the Literature

Milsten

Maguire

Bissell

et al. 2002

Prehosp. Disaster med.

224

290

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Mass-gatherings events provide a difficult setting for which to plan an appropriate emergency medical response. Many of the variables that affect the level and types of medical needs, have not been fully researched. This review examines these variables.Methods:An extensive review was conducted using the computerized databases Medline and Healthstar from 1977 through May 2002. Articles selected contained information pertaining to mass-gathering variables. These articles were read, abstracted, analyzed, and compiled.Results:Multiple variables are present during a mass gathering, and they interact in complex and dynamic ways. The interaction of these variables contributes to the number of patients treated at an event (medical usage rate) as well as the observed injury patterns. Important variables include weather, event type, event duration, age, crowd mood and density, attendance, and alcohol and drug use.Conclusions:Developing an understanding of the variables associated with mass gatherings should be the first step for event planners. After these variables are considered, a thorough needs analysis can be performed and resource allocation can be based on objective data.

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