Medical Physics: Physics of the Body

Cameron, John; Skofronick, J. G.; Grant, Roderick M.; Siegel, Edward L.

doi:10.1119/1.17319

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…For example, as most bones are expected to have an overall lower density than the cochlea owing to constant bone remodeling, which results in a higher proportion of recently formed, lower density bone, those intervals might be slightly lower but, nevertheless, >1.7 g/cm 3 (Currey 1984;Simmons et al 1991;Cameron et al 1993;Bell et al 2001;Lee Lyman 2021). In the case of (fresh) teeth, specifically, it has been shown that cementum and dentin can be separated both from enamel and each other, using individual density fractionation intervals (2.04, 2.20-2.40, and 2.70-2.80 g/cm 3 , respectively) (Brekhus and Armstrong 1935).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density separation of petrous bone powders for optimized ancient DNA yields

et al. 2023

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Density separation is a process routinely used to segregate minerals, organic matter, and even microplastics, from soils and sediments. Here we apply density separation to archaeological bone powders prior to DNA extraction to increase endogenous DNA recovery relative to a standard control extraction of the same powders. Using nontoxic heavy liquid solutions we separated powders from the petrous bones of 10 individuals of similar archaeological preservation into 8 density intervals (2.15 to 2.45 g/cm3, in 0.05 increments). We found that the 2.30-2.35 and 2.35-2.40 g/cm3 intervals yielded up to 5.28-fold more endogenous unique DNA than the corresponding standard extraction (and up to 8.53-fold before duplicate read removal), while maintaining signals of ancient DNA authenticity and not reducing library complexity. Although small 0.05 g/cm3 intervals may maximally optimize yields, a single separation to remove materials with a density above 2.40 g/cm3 yielded up to 2.57-fold more endogenous DNA on average, which enables the simultaneous separation of samples that vary in preservation or in the type of material analyzed. While requiring no new ancient DNA lab equipment and fewer than 30 minutes of extra lab work, the implementation of density separation prior to DNA extraction can substantially boost endogenous DNA yields without decreasing library complexity. Although subsequent studies are required, we present theoretical and practical foundations that may prove useful when applied to other ancient DNA substrates such as teeth, other bones, and sediments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density separation of petrous bone powders for optimized ancient DNA yields

et al. 2023

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“…According to the previous study, physical properties such as Young's modulus of 0.88 MPa and the Poisson's ratio of 0.17 have been selected for solid walls [6].…”

Section: Circulatory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving deforming mesh modeling of human organ systems

Beni

Mortazavi

Paul

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 7th International Digital Human Modeling Symposium -

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Dynamic modeling of body organs has become an elementary part of modern digital human modeling (DHM), where advanced biomedical models incorporate biomechanical behavior of tissues down to the cell level. While the biomechanical response of organs to impact and trauma has traditionally been considered an important aspect in developing safety related models such as for vehicle crash simulation, organ behavior is now also reflected in models used for medical purposes, such as the simulation of breathing or cardiovascular circulation. All human body cells have in vivo nonlinear viscoelastic properties. Moreover, body tissue is composed of cells wrapped in an extracellular matrix (ECM). Body tissue in vivo nonlinear viscoelastic properties depend on its function in an organ system, which directly affects the tissue viscoelasticity modulus.

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“…Empirical measurements of blood volumes in cetaceans are complicated and there is only one measurement in a deep-diving species: the sperm whale [48]. Estimated total blood volume for dolphins and porpoises ranges from 7-14% of total body mass [49] compared with 12-20% of total body mass in deep divers: Total blood volume for True's, Blainville's and Sowerby's BWs is 14.8%, for short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) 12%, and for sperm whale 20.1% [48,50], while human blood volume is 7 -8% of body weight [51].…”

Section: (Ii) Blood Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in research on the impacts of anti-submarine sonar on beaked whales

et al. 2019

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Mass stranding events (MSEs) of beaked whales (BWs) were extremely rare prior to the 1960s but increased markedly after the development of naval mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS). The temporal and spatial associations between atypical BW MSEs and naval exercises were first observed in the Canary Islands, Spain, in the mid-1980s. Further research on BWs stranded in association with naval exercises demonstrated pathological findings consistent with decompression sickness (DCS). A 2004 ban on MFASs around the Canary Islands successfully prevented additional BW MSEs in the region, but atypical MSEs have continued in other places of the world, especially in the Mediterranean Sea, with examined individuals showing DCS. A workshop held in Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, in September 2017 reviewed current knowledge on BW atypical MSEs associated with MFAS. Our review suggests that the effects of MFAS on BWs vary among individuals or populations, and predisposing factors may contribute to individual outcomes. Spatial management specific to BW habitat, such as the MFAS ban in the Canary Islands, has proven to be an effective mitigation tool and mitigation measures should be established in other areas taking into consideration known population-level information.

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Medical Physics: Physics of the Body

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Density separation of petrous bone powders for optimized ancient DNA yields

Density separation of petrous bone powders for optimized ancient DNA yields

Moving deforming mesh modeling of human organ systems

Advances in research on the impacts of anti-submarine sonar on beaked whales

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