Medical, life‐style, and occupational risk factors for prostate cancer

Checkoway, Harvey; DiFerdinando, George T.; Hulka, Barbara S.; Mickey, Don D.

doi:10.1002/pros.2990100111

Cited by 100 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moreover, in an epidemiological study comparing npg the X-ray evidence of prostatic calculi with self-report of a history of prostatic calculi, the authors found no relationship between the presence of prostatic calculi and PCa [24,25]. Of note, there is a large difference in the detection rate of prostatic calculi using X-rays and that using ultrasonography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate calculi in cancer and BPH in a cohort of Korean men: presence of calculi did not correlate with cancer risk

Hwang¹,

Choi²,

Im³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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Prostatic calculi are common and are associated with inflammation of the prostate. Recently, it has been suggested that this inflammation may be associated with prostate carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prostatic calculi and prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate biopsy specimens. We retrospectively analyzed 417 consecutive patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and prostate biopsies between January 2005 and January 2008. Based on the biopsy findings, patients were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and PCa groups. TRUS was used to detect prostatic calculi and to measure prostate volume. The correlations between PCa risk and age, serum total PSA levels, prostate volume, and prostatic calculi were analyzed. Patient age and PSA, as well as the frequency of prostatic calculi in the biopsy specimens, differed significantly between both the groups (P < 0.05). In the PCa group, the Gleason scores (GSs) were higher in patients with prostatic calculi than in patients without prostatic calculi (P = 0.023). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that patient age, serum total PSA and prostate volume were risk factors for PCa (P = 0.001), but that the presence of prostatic calculi was not associated with an increased risk of PCa (P = 0.13). In conclusion, although the presence of prostatic calculi was not shown to be a risk factor for PCa, prostatic calculi were more common in patients with PCa and were associated with a higher GS among these men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate calculi in cancer and BPH in a cohort of Korean men: presence of calculi did not correlate with cancer risk

Hwang¹,

Choi²,

Im³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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show abstract

“…Studies were excluded if they did not provide enough data to allow calculation of relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Besides, publications were excluded if the exposure was metabolic syndrome (Laukkanen et al, 2004) or hyperglycemia (Grundmark et al, 2010), or controls were men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (Checkoway et al, 1987;Rosenberg et al, 2002), or the outcome was PCa mortality (Coughlin et al, 1996, Will et al, 1999 or recurrence (Chan et al, 2005). Additionally, publications were excluded if they were designed to clarify the association between DM and severity of PCa among patients having radical prostatectomy (Abdollah et al, 2011), or radiation therapy (Mitin et al, 2011), or having a prostate biopsy (Moreira et al, 2011) due to elevated PSA level.…”

Section: Selection Of Published Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As listed in Table 1, our systematic literature search We excluded 5 articles (Checkoway et al, 1987;Smith et al, 1992;La Vecchia et al, 1994;Coughlin et al, 1996;Rosenberg et al, 2002) articles included in the two previous meta-analyses. The two articles by Checkoway et al (Checkoway et al, 1987) and Rosenberg et al (Rosenberg et al, 2002) were excluded because the controls were men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two articles by Checkoway et al (Checkoway et al, 1987) and Rosenberg et al (Rosenberg et al, 2002) were excluded because the controls were men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The two articles by Smith et al (1992) and Coughlin et al (1996) were excluded because their outcomes were mortality of PCa.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first meta-analysis including 14 studies (Wynder et al, 1971;Ragozzino et al, 1982;Checkoway et al,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diabetes Mellitus Reduces Prostate Cancer Risk - No Function of Age at Diagnosis or Duration of Disease

Xu¹,

Mao²,

Ding³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Prostate cancer and smoking: A review of case-control and cohort studies

Lumey

1996

Prostate

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BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to undertake a systematic analysis of the relation between smoking and prostate cancer. METHODS All published case‐control and cohort studies including relevant data on this topic were collected. The magnitude of potential sources of divergent results among case‐control studies was estimated comparing current, former, and ever to never smokers, stratified by type of controls (hospital vs. population) and by race. Cohort studies were discussed individually. RESULTS Neither a clinically nor a statistically significant association between smoking and prostate cancer seems likely, but it cannot be ruled out entirely. The association between other purported risk factors and prostate cancer is not likely to be confounded by the incomplete measurement and control for smoking habits because smoking and prostate cancer are not related. CONCLUSIONS For a valid assessment of other risk factors in prostate cancer patients the collection of complete smoking information is therefore less critical than in patients with other diseases. For a definitive assessment of the effect of smoking on prostate cancer incidence and mortality however, future studies need to focus on the collection of information on lifetime smoking habits, including tar exposure. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Medical, life‐style, and occupational risk factors for prostate cancer

Cited by 100 publications

References 18 publications

Prostate calculi in cancer and BPH in a cohort of Korean men: presence of calculi did not correlate with cancer risk

Prostate calculi in cancer and BPH in a cohort of Korean men: presence of calculi did not correlate with cancer risk

Diabetes Mellitus Reduces Prostate Cancer Risk - No Function of Age at Diagnosis or Duration of Disease

Prostate cancer and smoking: A review of case-control and cohort studies

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