Lip cancer probably represents the only genuine change in the cancer pattern disclosed by these records. It seems to have declined steadily over the six decades until to-day it is an uncommon tumour. In the Mengo series there were 11 females and S males; in the Registry series 4 femals and 4 males. All 16 Mengo patients were elderly ; in 15 the lower lip or angle of the mouth was affected, and many were recorded as confirmed smokers using primitive pipes with thin wood or stem pipes. The decline in this tumour may be due to a change in smoking methods rather than in the habit.