Medical image security and EPR hiding using Shamir's secret sharing scheme

Rajarajan, M. (2017). Protection of medical images and patient related information in healthcare: Using an intelligent and reversible watermarking technique. Applied Soft Computing Journal, 51, pp. 1668-179. doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2016.11.044 This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent AbstractThis work presents an intelligent technique based on reversible watermarking for protecting patient and medical related information. In the proposed technique 'IRW-Med', the concept of companding function is exploited for reducing embedding distortion, while Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) is used as an embedding domain for achieving reversibility. Histogram processing is employed to avoid underflow/overflow. In addition, the learning capabilities of Genetic Programming (GP) are exploited for intelligent wavelet coefficient selection. In this context, GP is used to evolve models that not only make an optimal tradeoff between imperceptibility and capacity of the watermark, but also exploit the wavelet coefficient hidden dependencies and information related to the type of sub band. The novelty of the proposed IRW-Med technique lies in its ability to generate a model that can find optimal wavelet coefficients for embedding, and also acts as a companding factor for watermark embedding. The proposed IRW-Med is thus able to embed watermark with low distortion, take out the hidden information, and also recovers the original image. The proposed IRW-Med technique is effective with respect to capacity and imperceptibility and effectiveness is demonstrated through experimental comparisons with existing techniques using standard images as well as a publically available medical image dataset.

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“…10(a) [24]. The recovery of EPR in both of the forms on the extraction side is evident in the Figs 9(b) and 10(b), respectively [29][21]. Fig.…”

Section: Embedding and Extraction Of Electronic Patient Record (Epr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of medical images and patient related information in healthcare: Using an intelligent and reversible watermarking technique

Arsalan

Qureshi

Khan

et al. 2017

Applied Soft Computing

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“…Keeping necessary medical information (e.g., EPR including demographic data, diagnostic results, treatment procedures, etc.) hidden in medical images may provide a better security against malicious tampering, assuming medical images would not be of people's interest without the patient information [15,57]. Even that which is tampered intentionally or in an unintended manner can be detected and possibly recovered by using an appropriate watermarking scheme [58,59].…”

Section: Advantages Of Digital Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semi-fragile and fragile watermarks are being used to carry much information about itself, its owner's metadata, its distribution, etc., and are thus used for annotation (e.g., hiding ETR or EPR, etc.) [15,55,57,61,65,87] and integrity control (e.g., tamper detection and recovery) [8,59,[88][89][90].…”

Section: Choice Of Design and Evaluation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A digital medical image application is therefore one of the prospective target areas of using digital watermarking. Studies show that various watermarking schemes can be used in teleradiology for (1) origin/content authentication [9,13,41,107,[113][114][115][116][117][118][119], (2) EPR annotation [57,65,88,[120][121][122], and (3) tamper detection and recovery of medical images [8,14,59,123,124]. Some important aspects of medical image watermarking schemes for their different objectives are summarized below.…”

Section: Objectives and Applications Of Watermarking For Medical Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Medical Image Watermarking Requirements for Teleradiology

2012

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Teleradiology allows medical images to be transmitted over electronic networks for clinical interpretation and for improved healthcare access, delivery, and standards. Although such remote transmission of the images is raising various new and complex legal and ethical issues, including image retention and fraud, privacy, malpractice liability, etc., considerations of the security measures used in teleradiology remain unchanged. Addressing this problem naturally warrants investigations on the security measures for their relative functional limitations and for the scope of considering them further. In this paper, starting with various security and privacy standards, the security requirements of medical images as well as expected threats in teleradiology are reviewed. This will make it possible to determine the limitations of the conventional measures used against the expected threats. Furthermore, we thoroughly study the utilization of digital watermarking for teleradiology. Following the key attributes and roles of various watermarking parameters, justification for watermarking over conventional security measures is made in terms of their various objectives, properties, and requirements. We also outline the main objectives of medical image watermarking for teleradiology and provide recommendations on suitable watermarking techniques and their characterization. Finally, concluding remarks and directions for future research are presented.

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“…In this communication system, an application that uses image steganography implants the secret message bits into an official image like a person's photograph, forensic evidence, satellite image, medical image and scanned document [1,2]. After the bit implantation task, the official image, known as the cover image, is termed as the stego image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An image distortion-based enhanced embedding scheme

Kamal

Islam

2018

Iran J Comput Sci

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Many clandestine applications send their secret information, e.g., investigation reports, to a destination by implanting them into an image document, like forensic evidence. In that case, both the document and the implanted information are secret and equally important. To protect the document's information, called the cover information, from being disclosed, many reversible data embedding (RDE) schemes first destroy the cover information intentionally and then embed secrets into these destroyed contents. A reversible process in the receiver end retrieves both the implanted secrets and the cover information. The existing schemes suffer from less embedding capacity, i.e., embedded bits per pixel (bpp), because their reversible processes either are unable to implant bit(s) into every pixel or implant a chunk of message bits into a group of pixels where the length of the message bits is smaller than the number of pixels in the group. The article proposes a novel distortion-based RDE scheme that achieves an embedding capacity of 2 n bpp, where 0 ≤ n ≤ 3. The proposed scheme destroys the information in the image before and after the data implantation task to strongly obliterate both the cover information and the embedded bits. During implementing this proposed process, the scheme establishes seven levels of encapsulated securities and, thus, strengthens the security of the scheme. The maximum embedding capacity and the lowest level of image distortion that are achieved by the proposed scheme are 8 bpp and 5 dB, respectively. These two values significantly dominate the same figures that are achieved in its competing schemes.

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Medical image security and EPR hiding using Shamir's secret sharing scheme

Cited by 88 publications

References 18 publications

Protection of medical images and patient related information in healthcare: Using an intelligent and reversible watermarking technique

Protection of medical images and patient related information in healthcare: Using an intelligent and reversible watermarking technique

A Review of Medical Image Watermarking Requirements for Teleradiology

An image distortion-based enhanced embedding scheme

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