Medical history, sexual, and maturational factors and prostate cancer risk

Glycemic Status and Risk of Prostate Cancer

“…An insignificant overall elevated risk was observed in two cohort studies (20,23) and two hospital-based case-control studies (27,28). Our results are largely consistent with seven other cohort studies (17,21,22,(24)(25)(26)36), six case-control studies (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)35), and a recent meta-analysis (39) that found an inverse association between diabetes mellitus and/or glycemic status and prostate cancer risk, including several studies that were conducted before widespread PSA testing (21,24,29).…”

“…Several epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer; however, findings have been inconsistent (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Some have investigated the association between prostate cancer risk and glycemic status, examined as a continuum ranging from normoglycemia to diabetes mellitus (17-19, 26, 37, 38).…”

Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Clinical Prostatitis, and the Risk of Prostate Cancer

“…Our overall null study finding for clinical prostatitis is consistent with findings from eight previous case-control studies of clinical prostatitis and prostate cancer (7,12,15,19,(29)(30)(31)(32) but differs from those from an additional nine casecontrol studies and meta-analysis results (3,8,9,13,17,22,23,28). One methodologic concern for positive studies is detection bias, whereby men with a history of prostatitis may be followed more closely for prostate cancer than men without such a history, due to ongoing investigations for chronic prostatitis or closer medical contact following a diagnosis of prostatitis.…”

“…Additionally, some epidemiologic studies published since the Dennis et al meta-analyses (2, 3) have observed positive findings among STIs, clinical prostatitis, and prostate cancer using nested casecontrol or more rigorous, retrospective case-control study designs, and analytic strategies for assessing detection bias (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). To further investigate STIs, clinical prostatitis, and prostate cancer and to address some of the limitations of previous studies, we conducted a large, prospective investigation of self-reported histories of gonorrhea, syphilis, and clinical prostatitis in relation to subsequent development of prostate cancer.…”

Diabetes Mellitus Reduces Prostate Cancer Risk - No Function of Age at Diagnosis or Duration of Disease

“…Later in 2006, another meta-analysis containing 19 studies (Wynder et al, 1971;Ragozzino et al, 1982;Mishina et al, 1985;Thompson et al, 1989;Smith et al, 1992;Steenland et al, 1995;Coughlin et al, 1996;Will et al, 1999;Rosenberg et al, 2002;Tavani et al, 2002;Weiderpass et al, 2002;Coker et al, 2004;Lightfoot et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2004;Gonzalez-Perez et al, 2005;Rodriguez et al, 2005;Tavani et al, 2005) was published (Kasper et al, 2006). They both showed that diabetic patients have a statistically significant (9% in 2004 and 16% in 2006) decrease in the risk of developing PCa.…”