Medical Evaluations and Standards

Gray, Gary; Johnston, Smith L.; Saary, Joan; Cook, Tim

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9889-0_11

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This scoping review is therefore a starting point for future research. Lessons could also be learned from the medical selection of astronauts sent to the International Space Station, which requires candidates to carry out medical examinations adapted to their ethnicity such as gastric endoscopy for Russians and Japanese given their respective risks for gastric ulcers and gastric cancer [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical epidemiology of Antarctic stations from 1904 to 2022: A scoping review

Tissot¹,

Lecordier²,

Hitier

2023

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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In Antarctica, it is extremely difficult to organise medical evacuations in winter. Antarctic physicians are often alone and must be prepared to perform surgery and dentistry, even if they are not specialists. This scoping review summarises epidemiological data on the types of surgical procedures performed in Antarctica and identifies gaps in the literature in this area. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar, without language restriction, for papers published between 1 January 1904, and 1 February 2022. Of the 35 papers on 12 Antarctic programs, very few were retrospective observational epidemiological studies; the majority were medical reports. The search identified 41 surgical procedures or reasons for surgical consultation, 19 different reasons for medical evacuations, and 12 causes of death that may have required surgical management. The diagnostic classifications used and the prevalence of each reported surgical speciality were heterogeneous. The most cited specialities were orthopaedics, dentistry, and digestive surgery. Telemedicine was integrated into on-site care or medical evacuation decisions. The current literature is poor, and most studies do not apply to surgical issues. The heterogeneous data collection methodologies limit their interpretation. A standardised diagnostic classification and detailed and systematic epidemiological registers will help define the contours of surgical management in Antarctica.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical epidemiology of Antarctic stations from 1904 to 2022: A scoping review

Tissot¹,

Lecordier²,

Hitier

2023

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…These screening tests would then be repeated annually, as well as upon assignment to an International Space Station (ISS) mission. ISS crew members are medically certified for long-duration spaceflight missions through individual agency medical boards (e.g., NASA Aerospace Medical Board) and international medical review boards (e.g., Multilateral Space Medicine Board) [16,17]. In order for an individual to become certified for long-duration space travel, an individual must be at the lowest possible risk for the occurrence of medical events during the preflight, infight, and postflight periods.…”

Section: Medical Screening and Certification Prior To Space Travelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health during Space Travel: State-of-the-Art Review

Krittanawong

Singh

Scheuring

et al. 2022

Cells

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The field of human space travel is in the midst of a dramatic revolution. Upcoming missions are looking to push the boundaries of space travel, with plans to travel for longer distances and durations than ever before. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and several commercial space companies (e.g., Blue Origin, SpaceX, Virgin Galactic) have already started the process of preparing for long-distance, long-duration space exploration and currently plan to explore inner solar planets (e.g., Mars) by the 2030s. With the emergence of space tourism, space travel has materialized as a potential new, exciting frontier of business, hospitality, medicine, and technology in the coming years. However, current evidence regarding human health in space is very limited, particularly pertaining to short-term and long-term space travel. This review synthesizes developments across the continuum of space health including prior studies and unpublished data from NASA related to each individual organ system, and medical screening prior to space travel. We categorized the extraterrestrial environment into exogenous (e.g., space radiation and microgravity) and endogenous processes (e.g., alteration of humans’ natural circadian rhythm and mental health due to confinement, isolation, immobilization, and lack of social interaction) and their various effects on human health. The aim of this review is to explore the potential health challenges associated with space travel and how they may be overcome in order to enable new paradigms for space health, as well as the use of emerging Artificial Intelligence based (AI) technology to propel future space health research.

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