Medical Education in Ancient Greece and Rome

Drabkin, I. E.

doi:10.1097/00001888-195704000-00007

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Across the centuries, the beneficence and non-maleficence principles -primum non nocere (first do no harm) -became one of the cornerstones of current bioethics. 5 Over the course of the next 20 centuries, there was little increase in the effectiveness of healing therapies, remained not much effective. However, in those times, a few researchers produced very relevant public health knowledge and tangible strategies became available in the field of disease prevention.…”

Section: Quaternary Prevention: Conceptual Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary Prevention: Is this Concept Relevant to Public Health? A Bibliometric and Descriptive Content Analysis

Depallens

Guimarães

Almeida-Filho

2019

Preprint

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Objective: To measure and map research output on Quaternary Prevention (P4) and outline research trends; to assess the papers content, mainly regarding methods and subjects approached in order to contribute to the improvement of global knowledge about P4 and to evaluate its relevance for public health. Design: Bibliometric and descriptive content analysis. Articles reviewed: Scientific articles about P4 recorded in Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo or CINAHL published until August 2018, with correspondent full articles available in Portuguese, English, Spanish, German or French. Main outcome measures: Year of publication, first authors' name and nationality, journals' name, country and ranking, publication language, used methods and main reported subjects. Results: 65 articles were included, published in 33 journals of 16 countries between 2003 and 2018 with a peak of publications in 2015. The first authors came from 17 different countries, 23% of them were Brazilian and Uruguay was the leading nation according to the scientific production per capita. 40% of all the selected articles were in English, 32% in Portuguese, 26% in Spanish. 28% of the papers were published in Q1 or Q2 journals. The research outputs on P4 begun first in the South of Europe, went to South America and then expanded worldwide. 88% of the articles were bibliographic research and 38% of all focused on specific examples of medical overuse (including several screening tests). Conclusions: Quaternary prevention represents an ethical and valid approach to prevent occurence of iatrogenic events and to achieve equal and fair access to health services. Conceptual, geographical and linguistic elements, as well as WONCA conferences and type of healthcare systems in the authors' country were fundamental factors that affected research output. The quality and quantity of available studies is still limited, therefore further investigations are recommended to assess the effective impact of P4 on public health.

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Section: Quaternary Prevention: Conceptual Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across the centuries, the beneficence and non-maleficence principles – primum non nocere (first do no harm) – became one of the cornerstones of current bioethics. 5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary Prevention: Is this Concept Relevant to Public Health? A Bibliometric and Descriptive Content Analysis

Depallens

Guimarães

Almeida-Filho

2019

Preprint

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“…The earliest period can be quickly dealt with, for little is known either of the British practitioner or of his training at this time. It can however be inferred that he was an all‐purpose individual and that there was no control of medical practice – even ancient Greece and Rome had none (Drabkin, 1944). Those practising medicine would be predominantly purveyors of folk‐medicine, just as imbued with magic, religion, and superstition as the witch‐doctor or shaman of more recent times.…”

Section: Period 1 – Antiquitymentioning

confidence: 99%

History of British Medical Education

Clarke

2009

Medical Education

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“…The origins of medical education were grounded in the practice apprenticeship as long as two millennia ago, with knowledge viewed as a commodity to be delivered directly to the learner (Drabkin, 1957). This knowledge could develop as expertise, but essentially was seen as 'truth' to be transmitted to learners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic reviews in medical education: A practical approach: AMEE Guide 94

et al. 2014

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The twentieth century saw a paradigm shift in medical education, with acceptance that 'knowledge' and 'truth' are contextual, in flux and always evolving. The twenty-first century has seen a greater explosion in computer technology leading to a massive increase in information and an ease of availability, both offering great potential to future research. However, for many decades, there have been voices within the health care system raising an alarm at the lack of evidence to support widespread clinical practice; from these voices, the concept of and need for evidence-based health-care has grown. Parallel to this development has been the emergence of evidence-based medical education; if healthcare is evidence-based, then the training of practitioners who provide this healthcare must equally be evidence-based. Evidence-based medical education involves the systematic collection, synthesis and application of all available evidence, when available, and not just the opinion of experts. This represented a seismic shift from a position of expert based consensus guidance to evidence led guidance for evolving clinical knowledge. The aim of this guide is to provide a practical approach to the development and application of a systematic review in medical education; a valid method used in this guide to seek and substantiate the effects of interventions in medical education.

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Medical Education in Ancient Greece and Rome

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Quaternary Prevention: Is this Concept Relevant to Public Health? A Bibliometric and Descriptive Content Analysis

Quaternary Prevention: Is this Concept Relevant to Public Health? A Bibliometric and Descriptive Content Analysis

History of British Medical Education

Systematic reviews in medical education: A practical approach: AMEE Guide 94

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