Medical disorders in people with recurrent
                        depression

Farmer, Anne; Korszun, Ania; Owen, Michael John; Craddock, Nick; Jones, Lisa; Jones, Ian; Gray, J.; Williamson, R; McGuffin, Peter

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.038380

Cited by 106 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, it is also possible that increased cortisol secretion could underpin some of these adverse medical outcomes. For example, patients with Cushing's disease frequently experience obesity, hypertension and diabetes (see Brown et al 2004 ;Farmer et al 2008).…”

Section: Cortisol and General Medical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not fade away: the HPA axis and depression

Cowen

2009

Psychol. Med.

137

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Salivary cortisol sampling has confirmed the presence of increased cortisol secretion in depression and has also revealed that some aspects of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disturbance have trait-like characteristics that may predict the risk of future illness. Persistent hypersecretion of cortisol in individuals vulnerable to depression also has implications for the medical co-morbidities associated with mood disorder. Pharmacological treatments targeted at the HPA axis represent a novel approach to the management of depression and its complications ; however, a better understanding of the molecular basis of HPA axis dysfunction in depressed patients will be needed before this promise can be fulfilled.

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Section: Cortisol and General Medical Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not fade away: the HPA axis and depression

Cowen

2009

Psychol. Med.

137

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“…Depression is now recognized as a disease that relapses recurrently, and in patients with recurrent depression, a high frequency of obesity and bronchial asthma has been reported (6). A reciprocal link between depression and obesity was recently confirmed by a meta-analysis (15).…”

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confidence: 86%

The “Senobi” breathing exercise ameliorates depression in obese women through up-regulation of sympathetic nerve activity and hormone secretion

2011

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Obese individuals have an increased risk of developing depression. This study aimed to determine whether the "Senobi" breathing exercise (SBE), a stretching-breathing exercise that we have established, could relieve depression, especially in obese women. Forty premenopausal women, aged 40 to 49 years, participated in the present study. Twenty were healthy, and the other 20 were obese (body mass index > 25 and body fat > 30%) and in a depressive state (OWD). Sympathetic nerve activity determined by analyzing heart rate variability, and the hormone levels in the urine were investigated before and 30 min after one minute of SBE. The relative proportion of sympathetic nerve activity among healthy women in the daytime was 79.2 ± 2.3%, whereas that in OWD group was 30.4 ± 1.9%. After one minute of SBE, significant up-regulation of sympathetic nerve activity and increased concentrations of catecholamines, estradiol, and growth hormone (all P values < 0.001) were observed in OWD group. After 30 days of SBE, the sympathetic nerve activity and hormone levels had recovered in OWD group, and the depressive state, as evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Scale, had ameliorated. The "Senobi" breathing exercise was found to be effective for amelioration of depression in obese women possibly through up-regulation of sympathetic nerve activity and hormone secretion.

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“…21 The final questionnaire measure used in this study was the wellestablished Beck Depression Inventory Version 1A (BDI-IA). 7 Scores on this scale range from 0 to 63, with scores of 10-18 indicating mild-moderate depression, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] indicating moderate-severe depression, and 30-63 indicating severe depression.…”

Section: How This Fits Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 The situation may be even worse for individuals with recurrent depression as GPs may have a broader range of physical and social health problems to deal with. 8,19 Given that depression symptoms are quite highly correlated, briefer measures of depression may perform adequately to detect MDD and also improve the acceptability and utility of depression measures, especially for those individuals with recurrent depression. 19 PHQ-2 was developed for depression screening, 20 with some evidence for a role in diagnosing depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,19 Given that depression symptoms are quite highly correlated, briefer measures of depression may perform adequately to detect MDD and also improve the acceptability and utility of depression measures, especially for those individuals with recurrent depression. 19 PHQ-2 was developed for depression screening, 20 with some evidence for a role in diagnosing depression. 21,22 However, a meta-analysis has highlighted weaknesses in identifying depressive disorder with short measures, 23 and difficulties in establishing an optimal cut-off when used for screening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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