Medical Disorders in Drug Addicts

White, Abraham G.

doi:10.1001/jama.1973.03220130019005

Cited by 63 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Apart from its socioeconomic consequences, drug abuse is linked to a higher incidence of somatic illness as is also shown in this study (Perlmutter (1977), White (1973), Bejerot (1974). The often low socioeconomic conditions in which these women have been reared does not, however, seem to affect their physical growth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Amphetamine addiction and pregnancy

Larsson

Eriksson

Zetterström

1979

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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The psycho‐social backgrounds of 69 amphetamine‐addicted mothers were investigated in order to find indicators which might be applicable in predicting the addicted women's chances of adaptation to motherhood. Of these 69 women, 17 stopped taking drugs in the first months of gestation when they realized that they were pregnant (Group 1). The remaining 52 women continued taking drugs throughout pregnancy (Group 2). There was no difference between the groups as to number of years of addiction, or other drugs used except that more women in Group 2 abused alcohol at the same time. A large proportion of the women in both Groups 1 and 2 were, as children, known to the local social welfare agencies because of their unsatisfactory home conditions. In Group 2, psychiatric illness and drug abuse were more common among parents and siblings than in Group 1. In spite of this, the women in Group 2 had, on the average, been placed in a foster home at a significantly older age. Significantly more women in Group 2 also had a poorer educational background and a criminal record including more serious crimes. At the time of their current pregnancy the women in Group 1 had a more stable social situation with regard to permanent dwelling, work and relationship with non‐addicted friends.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Amphetamine addiction and pregnancy

Larsson

Eriksson

Zetterström

1979

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“… 26 Classically, drug use was considered one of the most important risk factors for the development of IE in developed countries. 27 , 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Classification and Prognosis of Isolated Right-Sided Infective Endocarditis

et al. 2014

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From an epidemiologic point of view, right-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE) affects different types of patients: intravenous drug users (IDUs), cardiac device carriers (pacemakers and implantable automatic defibrillators), and the “3 noes” endocarditis group: no left-sided, no IDUs, no cardiac devices. Our objective is to describe and compare the clinical profile and outcome of these groups of patients.Every episode of infective endocarditis (IE) consecutively diagnosed in 3 tertiary centers from 1996 to 2012 was included in an ongoing multipurpose database. We assessed 85 epidemiologic, clinical, echocardiographic, and outcome variables in patients with isolated RSIE. A bivariated comparative analysis between the 3 groups was conducted.Among 866 IE episodes, 121 were classified as isolated RSIE (14%): 36 IDUs (30%), 65 cardiac device carriers (54%), and 20 “3 noes” group (16%). IDUs were mainly young men (36 ± 7 years) without previous heart disease, few comorbidities, and frequent previous endocarditis episodes (28%). Human immunodeficiency virus infection was frequent (69%). Cardiac device carriers were older (66 ± 15 years) and had less comorbidities (34%). Removal of the infected device was performed in 91% of the patients without any death. The “3 noes” endocarditis group was composed mainly by middle-age men (56 ± 18 years), health care related infections (50%), and had many comorbidities (75%). Whereas Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent cause in IDUs (72% vs 34% in device carriers and 34% in the “3 noes” group, P = 0.001), coagulase negative Staphylococci predominated in the device carriers (58% vs 11% in drug users and 35% in the “3 noes”, P < 0.001). Significant differences in mortality were found (17% in drug users, 3% in device carriers, and 30% in the “3 noes” group; P < 0.001).These results suggest that RSIE should be separated into 3 groups (IDUs, cardiac device carriers, and the “3 noes”) and considered as independent entities as there are relevant epidemiologic, clinical, microbiological, echocardiographic, and prognostic differences among them.

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“…Bacterial infections associated with injection drug use account for more than one-third of drug-related hospital admissions and can quickly progress to major systemic infection and cause severe damage to organs such as the heart and lungs (Orangio et al, 1984; White, 1973). Since heroin use is associated with a high incidence of opportunistic infections (Hussey and Katz, 1950; Louria et al, 1967; Luttgens, 1949; Theodorou and Haber, 2005) and both heroin administration and exposure to heroin-associated cues significantly reduce LPS-induced iNOS expression (Lysle and How, 2000; Lysle and Ijames, 2002), drug-induced and drug-conditioned reductions in nitric oxide production may be involved in this increased incidence of infectious disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heroin-induced conditioned immunomodulation requires expression of IL-1β in the dorsal hippocampus

Szczytkowski¹,

Lebonville²,

Hutson³

et al. 2013

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Opioid-associated environmental stimuli elicit robust immune-altering effects via stimulation of a neural circuitry that includes the basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens. These brain regions are known to have both direct and indirect connections with the hippocampus. Thus, the present study evaluated whether the dorsal hippocampus (DH), and more specifically interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) within the DH, is necessary for the expression of heroin-induced conditioned immunomodulation. Rats received five Pavlovian pairings of systemic heroin administration (1.0 mg/kg, SC) with placement into a distinct environment (conditioned stimulus, CS). Six days after conditioning, a GABAA/B agonist cocktail or IL-1β small interfering RNA (siRNA) was microinfused into the DH to inhibit neuronal activity or IL-1β gene expression prior to CS or home cage exposure. Control animals received saline or negative control siRNA microinfusions. Furthermore, all rats received systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate proinflammatory nitric oxide production. CS exposure suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide production relative to home cage exposure. Inactivation of, or IL-1β silencing in, the DH disrupted the CS-induced suppression of nitric oxide production relative to vehicle or negative control siRNA treatment. These results are the first to show a role for DH IL-1β expression in heroin-conditioned suppression of a proinflammatory immune response.

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Medical Disorders in Drug Addicts

Cited by 63 publications

References 6 publications

Amphetamine addiction and pregnancy

Amphetamine addiction and pregnancy

Clinical Classification and Prognosis of Isolated Right-Sided Infective Endocarditis

Heroin-induced conditioned immunomodulation requires expression of IL-1β in the dorsal hippocampus

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