Medical Countermeasures—Chelation Therapy

Flora, Govinder; Mittal, Megha; Flora, Swaran J.S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-418688-0.00026-5

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…DMSA has been reported to promote extracellular distribution, neutropenia, and renal toxicity due to efflux of high levels of arsenic through the renal tubules [ 15 ]. The biggest limitation to DMSA is its inability to eliminate arsenic from the intracellular sites of cells due to its lipophobic nature [ 16 ]. It is evident that a treatment strategy that utilizes DMSA with other agents capable of blocking toxicity due to arsenic in intracellular spaces provides an opportunity for achieving full biochemical recovery in arsenic-induced toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coenzyme Q10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice

Mwaeni

Nyariki

Jillani

et al. 2021

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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Background Arsenic poisoning affects millions of people. The inorganic forms of arsenic are more toxic. Treatment for arsenic poisoning relies on chelation of extracellularly circulating arsenic molecules by 2,3-dimecaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). As a pharmacological intervention, DMSA is unable to chelate arsenic molecules from intracellular spaces. The consequence is continued toxicity and cell damage in the presence of DMSA. A two-pronged approach that removes extracellular arsenic, while protecting from the intracellular arsenic would provide a better pharmacotherapeutic outcome. In this study, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which has been shown to protect from intracellular organic arsenic, was administered separately or with DMSA; following oral exposure to sodium meta-arsenite (NaAsO2) – a very toxic trivalent form of inorganic arsenic. The aim was to determine if CoQ10 alone or when co-administered with DMSA would nullify arsenite-induced toxicity in mice. Methods Group one represented the control; the second group was treated with NaAsO2 (15 mg/kg) daily for 30 days, the third, fourth and fifth groups of mice were given NaAsO2 and treated with 200 mg/kg CoQ10 (30 days) and 50 mg/kg DMSA (5 days) either alone or in combination. Results Administration of CoQ10 and DMSA resulted in protection from arsenic-induced suppression of RBCs, haematocrit and hemoglobin levels. CoQ10 and DMSA protected from arsenic-induced alteration of WBCs, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and platelets. Arsenite-induced dyslipidemia was nullified by administration of CoQ10 alone or in combination with DMSA. Arsenite induced a drastic depletion of the liver and brain GSH; that was significantly blocked by CoQ10 and DMSA alone or in combination. Exposure to arsenite resulted in significant elevation of liver and kidney damage markers. The histological analysis of respective organs confirmed arsenic-induced organ damage, which was ameliorated by CoQ10 alone or when co-administered with DMSA. When administered alone, DMSA did not prevent arsenic-driven tissue damage. Conclusions Findings from this study demonstrate that CoQ10 and DMSA separately or in a combination, significantly protect against arsenic-driven toxicity in mice. It is evident that with further pre-clinical and clinical studies, an adjunct therapy that incorporates CoQ10 alongside DMSA may find applications in nullifying arsenic-driven toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coenzyme Q10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice

Mwaeni

Nyariki

Jillani

et al. 2021

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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“…Antioxidants play important roles in nutrition by increasing the shelf life and preserving the nutritional aspect of lipid-containing food products. Antioxidants also prevent the oxidation of biological molecules in the body by chelating redox metals or quenching free radicals [1,2]. Plants contain numerous natural antioxidants and can be a source of new antioxidant compounds given the various chemical structures and mechanisms of action of these natural antioxidants [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying of Phyla nodiflora Leaves: Antioxidant Activity, Volatile and Phytosterol Content, Energy Consumption, and Quality Studies

et al. 2019

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Drying is an important process in the preservation of antioxidants in medicinal plants. In this study, leaves of Phyla nodiflora, or commonly known as frog fruit, were dried using convective drying (CD) at 40, 50, and 60 °C; vacuum-microwave drying (VMD) at 6, 9, and 12 W/g; and convective pre-drying followed by vacuum-microwave finish drying (CPD–VMFD) at 50 °C and 9 W/g. Drying kinetics of P. nodiflora leaves was modelled, and the influences of drying methods on the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, volatile and phytosterol contents, energy consumption, water activity, and color properties were determined. Results showed that drying kinetics was best described by modified Page model. VMD achieved highest drying rate, whereas VMFD considerably reduced the drying time of CD from 240 min to 105 min. CPD–VMFD was the best option to dry P. nodiflora in terms of retaining volatiles and phytosterols, with lower energy consumption than CD. Meanwhile, VMD at 6 W/g produced samples with the highest antioxidant activity with 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of 11.00 and 15.99 µM Trolox/100 g dw, respectively.

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“…Antioxidants are defined as "substances that inhibit or delay the oxidation of biologically relevant molecules either by specifically quenching free radicals or by chelation of redox metals" [2]. Polyphenols are one of the most commonly used antioxidants and have been widely applied in the prevention of degenerative diseases, particularly cardiovasculars and cancer [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of prebiotic potential and antioxidant activity in Plantago spp. leaves after enzymatic hydrolysis with hemicellulase and xylanase

Lukova

Karcheva-Bahchevanska

Mollova

et al. 2018

Engineering in Life Sciences

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The leaves of Plantago species have been known as a rich source of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and iridoids. In the recent years, some authors have examined the relative influence of carbohydrate compositions and polyphenols on their antioxidant and prebiotic activity. In this study enzymatic hydrolysis of Plantago major, Plantago lanceolata, and Plantago media leaves with hemicellulase and xylanase was carried out. The chemical composition of the enzyme‐derived hydrolysis products was determined. Their antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl‐hydrate, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays. The utilization of the carbohydrate complex from the obtained hydrolysates to stimulate the production of certain glycohydrolases from Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic strains was investigated. The HPLC analysis of the hydrolysis products showed the presence of galactose and arabinose in 1:3 and 1:4 ratios. The highest concentration of total sugars was determined in P. major hydrolysates with hemicellulase (386.71 mg/g dry weight). The antioxidant activity according to the three methods was the highest in P. media hydrolysates, which correlated with their total phenolic concentration. L. plantarum S27 showed the highest values of α‐galactosidase activity at the 24‐h fermentation process when it was cultivated in a broth with the presence of P. major hydrolysates with hemicellulase and xylanase (0.129 U/mg and 0.133 U/mg, respectively).

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Medical Countermeasures—Chelation Therapy

Cited by 12 publications

References 156 publications

Coenzyme Q10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice

Coenzyme Q10 protected against arsenite and enhanced the capacity of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to ameliorate arsenite-induced toxicity in mice

Drying of Phyla nodiflora Leaves: Antioxidant Activity, Volatile and Phytosterol Content, Energy Consumption, and Quality Studies

Study of prebiotic potential and antioxidant activity in Plantago spp. leaves after enzymatic hydrolysis with hemicellulase and xylanase

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