Medical Applications

Suzuki, Shuko; Ikada, Yoshito

doi:10.1002/9781119767480.ch25

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…PLA is efficiently decomposed under specific conditions such as industrial composting environments, requiring temperatures of >50 • C, while its biodegradation in seawater is negligible [18]. PHBV shows efficient biodegradability in the ocean, with films being completely disintegrated after 9 months in seawater [19] or with a ~90% biodegradation after 45 days [20]. Other authors have found different PHBV biodegradation rates, with the observed variations being attributed to different polymer molecular weights and/or different immersion sites (characterized by different temperatures, different microbial communities, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diversity and Dynamics during Long-Term Immersion of Conventional and Biodegradable Plastics in the Marine Environment

et al. 2023

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Plastics are associated with a worldwide pollution crisis, with strong negative impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In marine environments, various organisms are colonizing plastic debris, but few studies have focused on fungal communities despite their non-trivial ecological roles in the marine environment. In this study, different types of plastics (biodegradable and conventional) immersed in marine natural environments and under laboratory controlled settings were collected after long-term colonization. Using a metabarcoding approach targeting two genetic markers, namely, the ITS2 region and the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene, we highlighted that fungal communities associated with plastic polymers were distinct from those found in the surrounding seawater. They also differed significantly between sampling locations and the nature of immersed polymers, indicating that fungal colonization was impacted by the sites and types of plastics, with clear dissimilarities between conventional and biodegradable polymers. Specifically for the conventional PVC polymer (Polyvinyl chloride), we also observed the successive stages of biofilm development and maturation after long-term immersion in seawater. A noticeable change in the fungal communities was observed around 30–40 days in natural settings, suggesting a colonization dynamic likely associated with a transition from biofilm formation to distinct communities likely associated with biofouling. Overall, this study strengthens the idea that the fungal kingdom is an integrated part of the “plastisphere”.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diversity and Dynamics during Long-Term Immersion of Conventional and Biodegradable Plastics in the Marine Environment

et al. 2023

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“…., N, we seek such rate and water removal constant values that the solution of Equations ( 7)-( 9) yields predictions that minimize the error with respect to the measurements. Here, this was achieved by defining the objective function, F. (12) where the rate constants k 1 and k −1 and proportionality coefficient k w are collectively denoted by p, and the subscript 'n' denotes the number average of molecular weight of the i-th experimental data point and superscripts 'exp' and 'num' denote experimentally measured and numerically computed values, respectively. The numerically predicted molecular weights are calculated as functions of time, t, by solving the rate equations, Equations ( 7)-( 9), and then applying Equation (11).…”

Section: Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biodegradable polymer typically produced from renewable resources such as corn, wheat, straw or sorghum and more recently, from biowaste [4,5]. PLA can be used as a biocompatible and environment-friendly plastic with a range of applications extending from biomedicine and 3D printing to packaging and other routine daily usages as a result of its physicochemical properties [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. PLA degradation is a result of ester bond hydrolysis which can take place when it is exposed to appropriate environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Modeling of Poly(L-lactic acid) via Polycondensation of L-Lactic Acid

Theodorou,

Raptis,

Baltzaki

et al. 2023

Polymers

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We present synthetic experiments of lactic acid (LA) polycondensation to produce poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as well as kinetic modeling calculations that capture the polymer molecular weight increase with time, given the initial concentrations. Tin-octoate-catalyzed polycondensation of (D,L)- or L-lactic acid was carried out in pre-dried toluene after azeotropic dehydration for 48–120 h at 130–137 °C. The polymerization was optimized by varying lactic acid and catalyst concentrations as well as the temperature. Gel permeation chromatography was used to experimentally follow the evolution of molecular weights and the products were characterized by NMR, TGA, DSC and IR. Under optimal conditions, PLLA with weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 161 kDa could be obtained. The rate equations that describe polycondensation kinetics were recast in a condensed form that allowed very fast numerical solution and calculation of the number-average molecular weight with time. Deviations with respect to the experiment were minimized in a least-squares fashion to determine rate constants. The optimized kinetics parameters are shown to reproduce the experimental data accurately.

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“…Poly(lactic acid), PLA, is a biodegradable polymer typically produced from renewable resources such as corn, wheat, straw or sorghum and more recently, from biowaste [4,5]. PLA can be used as biocompatible and environment-friendly plastic with a range of applications extending from biomedicine and 3D printing to packaging and other routine daily usages as a result of its physicochemical properties [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. PLA degradation is a result of ester bond hydrolysis which can take place when it is exposed to appropriate environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Modeling of Poly(L-lactic acid) via Polycondensation of L-Lactic Acid

Theodorou,

Raptis,

Baltzaki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We present synthetic experiments of lactic acid (LA) polycondensation to produce poly(lactic acid) (PLA), as well as kinetic modeling calculations that capture the polymer molecular weight increase with time, given the initial concentrations. Tin-octoate-catalyzed polycondensation of (D,L)- or L-lactic acid, was carried out in pre-dried toluene after azeotropic dehydration for 48-120 hours at 130-137 °C. The polymerization was optimized by varying lactic acid and catalyst concentrations as well as the temperature. Gel Permeation Chromatography was used to experimentally follow the evolution of molecular weights and the products were characterized by NMR, TGA, DSC and IR. Under optimal conditions, PLLA with weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 161 kDa could be obtained. The rate equations that describe polycondensation kinetics were recast in a condensed form that allowed very fast numerical solution and calculation of the number-average molecular weight with time. Deviations with respect to the experiment were minimized in a least-squares fashion, to determine rate constants. The optimized kinetics parameters are shown to reproduce the experimental data accurately

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Medical Applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 159 publications

Fungal Diversity and Dynamics during Long-Term Immersion of Conventional and Biodegradable Plastics in the Marine Environment

Fungal Diversity and Dynamics during Long-Term Immersion of Conventional and Biodegradable Plastics in the Marine Environment

Synthesis and Modeling of Poly(L-lactic acid) via Polycondensation of L-Lactic Acid

Synthesis and Modeling of Poly(L-lactic acid) via Polycondensation of L-Lactic Acid

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