Medical and Surgical Obesity Treatments and Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms beyond Typical Risk Factors

Obesity, thrombosis, venous disease, lymphatic disease, and lipedema: An obesity medicine association (OMA) clinical practice statement (CPS) 2023

“…Obesity-mediated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance [ 18 ] increase the risk of atherosclerosis, adversely affect endothelial function, increase inflammation, increase platelet number and activation (i.e., prothrombotic state), as well as modify coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, resulting in an increased risk of fibrinolysis-resistant clots among patients with diabetes mellitus [ 62 ]. Overall, in patients with diabetes, enhanced thrombosis in combination with enhanced atherosclerosis necessitate preventive measures to reduce vascular disease risk, with therapeutic interventions that include weight reduction in patients with diabetes and obesity [ 63 ].…”

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: new strategies and therapeutic targets to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

“…Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) encompasses a range of conditions, comprising acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stable angina pectoris, coronary or other revascularization, transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, and peripheral vascular lesions ( Bostrom et al, 2021 ). The disease process of atherosclerosis (AS) is intricate, involving the accumulation of AS-causing lipoproteins in endothelial cells and the formation of AS plaques due to extracellular matrix, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), immune cells, immunoglobulins, necrotic cellular debris, and neovascularization with intra-plaque hemorrhage ( Libby et al, 2019 ).…”