Medical and non‐medical expenditure for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in China: a multicenter cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Early detection and treatment of breast cancer might be effective for decreasing the economic burden, because costs escalate as the degree of malignancy increases.

Wage losses among spouses of women with nonmetastatic breast cancer

“…Previous studies addressing the extent of spouse wage losses differed in the types of cancer considered (eg, any type, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer), included mixed stages of disease or focused only on advanced disease, and were conducted in countries with different insurance and health care systems (eg, Canada, the United States, China, and Norway) . In these studies, wage loss estimates were calculated for different time periods (range, 1 day of work to 8 years after diagnosis) and with various data sources (self‐reported data and administrative databases) and methods of valuing time lost from work.…”

“…Previous studies addressing the extent of spouse wage losses differed in the types of cancer considered (eg, any type, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer), included mixed stages of disease or focused only on advanced disease, and were conducted in countries with different Cancer March 1, 2020 insurance and health care systems (eg, Canada, the United States, China, and Norway). [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In these studies, wage loss estimates were calculated for different time periods (range, 1 day of work to 8 years after diagnosis) and with various data sources (self-reported data and administrative databases) and methods of valuing time lost from work. In 1 case, caregiver wage losses were determined to assess the incremental loss from metastatic breast cancer versus nonmetastatic breast cancer, although whether the reason for leave was breast cancer was not documented.…”

“…3 Recent systematic 9 and scoping reviews 10 have reported that cancer negatively affects the employment of spouses of patients with cancer in terms of decreased productivity and work absences. Although a few studies have estimated how decreased productivity and work absences translate into spouses' wage losses, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] most have focused on cancers other than breast cancer 17,18,[24][25][26] or mixed groups including breast cancer with varying disease stages 11,12,[14][15][16]23 Cancer March 1, 2020 or only advanced disease, 13,[19][20][21][22] and this makes it impossible to isolate specifically the effect of nonmetastatic breast cancer on spouse wage losses. Thus, information is needed to understand the extent to which spouses experience wage losses as a result of nonmetastatic breast cancer.…”

Cost‐effectiveness of breast cancer screening programme for women in rural China

“…Some women tend to seek medical services only when experiencing acute illness or pain, leading to delay in diagnosis and poorer prognosis among rural patients. Late diagnosis of breast cancer also contributes to higher care costs due to the need for more intensive and expensive treatments …”

“…Late diagnosis of breast cancer also contributes to higher care costs due to the need for more intensive and expensive treatments. 5 In China, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. 6 Marked urban-rural differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis 7 and survival have been reported, 8 with rural women being diagnosed at an advanced stage and thus having poorer five-year survival (51.9%-60.3%) than their urban counterparts (75.7%-79.9%).…”