Mediators of increased self-harm and suicidal ideation in sexual minority youth: a longitudinal study

Oginni, Olakunle; Robinson, Emily; Jones, Abbeygail; Rahman, Qazi; Rimes, Katharine A.

doi:10.1017/s003329171800346x

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The heritability estimates for sexual orientation indicators in female participants were comparable to those from previous studies (Bailey et al, 2016 ), but higher than those of male participants in the present study. This difference may be due to the better spread across the different categories of sexual orientation indicators in female compared to male participants in the present study (see Table S1, Supplementary materials), as has been previously reported (Oginni et al, 2019 ). This may have increased the power to estimate heritability in female relative to male participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Similarly, analyses of longitudinal data indicate that sexual minority status is associated with higher rates of later mental health problems. For example, Oginni, Robinson, Jones, Rahman, and Rimes ( 2019 ) showed that despite adjusting for depressive symptoms at 12 years, adolescents who identified as non-heterosexual at 15 years still reported significantly higher rates of depressive symptoms at 18 years. Finally, findings from a longitudinal study in a general population provided stronger evidence for mental health problems being associated with later risky sexual behavior (Ramrakha et al, 2007 ) with a reduced likelihood of reverse causation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental Health Disparities Mediating Increased Risky Sexual Behavior in Sexual Minorities: A Twin Approach

2020

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Increased risky sexual behavior in sexual minorities relative to heterosexual individuals may be partly explained by mental health disparities, and both factors may be further jointly influenced by common genetic and environmental factors. However, these relationships have not been previously investigated. The objectives of the present study were to investigate mental health disparities as a mediator of the relationship between sexual orientation and risky sexual behavior, controlling for genetic and environmental effects in this relationship and testing for sex differences. Participants included 5814 twins from a Finnish twin cohort. Specified latent factors included sexual orientation, mental health indicators, and risky sexual behavior. Twin models were fitted to the factor structure of the data whereby a Cholesky decomposition on the factors was compared to a mediation submodel using OpenMx. Sex differences were tested in the final model. Phenotypically, mental health disparities partially mediated the relationship between sexual orientation and increased risky sexual behavior, with comparable effects in males and females. However, while this indirect route from sexual orientation to risky sexual behavior mainly contained transmitted genetic effects in males, there was a significant proportion of transmitted shared environmental effects in females. This is the first study to demonstrate that the mediation relationships between sexual orientation, mental health disparities, and risky sexual behavior are not confounded by genetic and environmental factors. The significant sex differences need to be recognized in future research and intervention design to improve sexual health in sexual minorities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Disparities Mediating Increased Risky Sexual Behavior in Sexual Minorities: A Twin Approach

2020

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“…However, direct associations between CGN and anxiety disorders without prior adjustment for sexual orientation were not reported. The other (Oginni, Robinson, Jones, Rahman, & Rimes, ) found CGN was significantly correlated with depression at 18 years and with suicidal injury/self‐harm at 16. However, these outcomes focused on late adolescence and this study did not report these correlations separately for males and females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Childhood gender‐typed behavior and emotional or peer problems: a prospective birth‐cohort study

Warren

Goldsmith

Rimes

2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background Retrospective and cross‐sectional studies often report associations between childhood gender nonconformity and greater emotional and peer difficulties. This study used the ALSPAC birth cohort to investigate relationships between childhood gender‐typed behavior and peer and emotional problems throughout childhood and adolescence. Methods A total of 11,192 participants had at least one measure of parent‐rated gender‐typed behavior in infancy; 7,049 participants had a measure of child‐rated gender‐typed behavior at 8.5 years. Separate linear mixed regression models were fitted to assess whether parent‐rated and child‐rated gender‐typed behaviors were associated with emotional and peer problems across childhood and adolescence (6–16 years old). The effect of adding covariates (self‐esteem, abuse, bullying, feeling accepted by peers, and feeling different) on these relationships was assessed. Results For boys, more gender‐nonconforming behavior was associated with greater subsequent emotional and peer problems in childhood and adolescence. Adjusting for self‐esteem, relational bullying victimization, feeling different, or feeling accepted by peers reduced some of these associations. In contrast, for girls, more gender‐nonconforming behavior was associated with fewer emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. In girls, self‐reported gender‐nonconforming behavior was also associated with fewer parent‐rated peer problems but parent‐rated gender‐nonconforming behavior was associated with more parent‐rated peer problems; this latter association was partly explained by self‐esteem, bullying, and abuse victimization. These associations were statistically significant but small. Conclusions Overall, more female‐typical behaviors were generally associated with greater subsequent emotional and peer problems, for both boys and girls. Future studies should investigate factors that reduced these associations, as well as potential negative effects of female‐typical behaviors or advantages of male‐typical ones. As this was a 14‐year longitudinal study, the relationships between gender‐role behaviors and emotional/peer problems warrant further research despite the small association sizes.

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“…Participants who responded either not sure or not attracted to either sex were excluded from the analyses. Due to small subgroup sizes, and in line with previous studies using the ALSPAC cohort (Jones, Robinson, Oginni, Rahman, & Rimes, 2017; Oginni, Robinson, Jones, Rahman, & Rimes, 2019; Pesola, Shelton, & van den Bree, 2014), mostly heterosexual , bisexual , and mostly homosexual responses were combined to define the sexual minority group ( n = 574), while the 100% heterosexual responses defined the heterosexual group ( n = 4470).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial mediators of the relations between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal sample of young people.

Argyriou¹,

Goldsmith²,

Tsokos³

et al. 2020

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal study investigated psychosocial mediators in the association between minority sexual orientation (e.g., identifying as lesbian, gay, or bisexual) and depressive symptoms in young people. METHOD: Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) UK birth cohort were analyzed. Sexual orientation was assessed at 15 years and depressive symptoms were assessed at 18 years. Mediators were assessed at 17 years: unhelpful assumptions (i.e., dysfunctional attitudes about the self and others), hypothesized to be vulnerability factors in cognitive theories of depression; selfesteem; and family relationships measured with four items. Multiple mediation analysis of 14,814 individuals utilized structural equation models estimated via full information maximum likelihood, with family relationships entered as a latent variable. Sex at birth was examined as a moderator. RESULTS: Sexual minority youth had higher risk for depressive symptoms at 18 years than heterosexual youth. They also had poorer relationships with their family and more unhelpful assumptions, with weaker evidence for lower self-esteem, especially those who were male sex at birth. Poorer family relationships and unhelpful assumptions mediated the relation between sexual minority status and depressive symptoms, with weaker evidence for self-esteem as a mediator. There was no evidence to suggest that sex at birth moderated these relations. CONCLUSIONS: Poorer family relationships, more unhelpful self-beliefs, and possibly lower self-esteem may contribute to sexual orientation disparities in depressive symptoms, indicating possible areas for prevention and intervention.

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Mediators of increased self-harm and suicidal ideation in sexual minority youth: a longitudinal study

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Mental Health Disparities Mediating Increased Risky Sexual Behavior in Sexual Minorities: A Twin Approach

Mental Health Disparities Mediating Increased Risky Sexual Behavior in Sexual Minorities: A Twin Approach

Childhood gender‐typed behavior and emotional or peer problems: a prospective birth‐cohort study

Psychosocial mediators of the relations between sexual orientation and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal sample of young people.

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