Mediation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic signaling by resveratrol following muscle disuse in the gastrocnemius muscles of young and old rats

Abstract

. Mediation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic signaling by resveratrol following muscle disuse in the gastrocnemius muscles of young and old rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R1572-R1581, 2010. First published September 22, 2010 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00489.2010.-Hindlimb suspension (HLS) elicits muscle atrophy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in skeletal muscle. Increases in oxidative stress can have detrimental effects on muscle mass and function, and it can potentially lead to myonuclear apoptosis. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol possessing both antioxidant and antiaging properties. To analyze the capacity of resveratrol to attenuate oxidative stress, apoptosis and muscle force loss were measured following 14 days of HLS. Young (6 mo) and old (34 mo) rats were administered either 12.5 mg·kg Ϫ1 ·day Ϫ1 of trans-resveratrol, or 0.1% carboxymethylcellulose for 21 days, including 14 days of HLS. HLS induced a significant decrease in plantarflexor isometric force, but resveratrol blunted this loss in old animals. Resveratrol increased gastrocnemius catalase activity, MnSOD activity, and MnSOD protein content following HLS. Resveratrol reduced hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels in muscles from old animals after HLS. Caspase 9 abundance was reduced and Bcl-2 was increased, but other apoptotic markers were not affected by resveratrol in the gastrocnemius muscle after HLS. The data indicate that resveratrol has a protective effect against oxidative stress and muscle force loss in old HLS animals; however, resveratrol was unable to attenuate apoptosis following HLS. These results suggest that resveratrol has the potential to be an effective therapeutic agent to treat muscle functional decrements via improving the redox status associated with disuse. oxidative stress; apoptosis; hindlimb suspension; aging BOTH ADVANCED AGE AND SKELETAL muscle disuse are associated with atrophy and an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle (30), leading to an augmented oxidant load. Oxidative stress occurs when an increase in oxidant production exceeds an organisms' capacity to buffer them, via a complex coordination of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. During extended periods of oxidative stress, there is an eventual loss of cellular integrity mitigated by the oxidation of lipids (32), proteins (29), and nucleic acids (21), promoting a cycle of increased oxidant production. This results in elevated levels of oxidative damage, which limits both the cellular repair system and the enzymatic antioxidant defense system (16). The exact mechanisms by which oxidative stress acts as a potentiator of muscle atrophy are largely unknown; however, several links between oxidative stress and atrophy have been postulated (35).Oxidative stress is upstream of apoptotic signaling in muscle cells in vitro (49), and results in the initiation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Of particular interest in the current study was to determine whether...

Metabolites and tissue distribution of resveratrol in the pig

“…The occurrence of RES and derived metabolites (including DH-RES and its conjugates) in perirenal, mesenteric and subcutaneous fats (PF, MF and SF, respectively) as well as in skeletal muscle such as LgD and SM muscles (Table 5) is important due to the increasing evidence of the link between RES intake and fat mobilization [52] as well as the attenuation of sarcopenia [53].…”

Resveratrol and health – A comprehensive review of human clinical trials

“…Resveratrol has been demonstrated to modulate mitochondrial biogenesis through activating PGC-1a [77,78], which may ultimately slow the aging process and prevent a number of chronic diseases [79] and improve muscular endurance [80]. Laboratory models have found resveratrol reduces oxidative stress in skeletal muscle following exercise [81] and disuse [82], and suppresses aging-associated decrements in physical performance [83], but does not attenuate sarcopenia [84]. Together, these data demonstrate the importance of examining both physiologic effects and functional outcomes as endpoints in human clinical trials.…”

Exercise modulation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC): towards a molecular signature of healthy aging

“…By the same manner, detraining and sedentary behavior reduce mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, the aging subject frequently has lower muscle mitochondrial density and many senescent mitochondria which are related to reduced vital capacity, decreased physical fitness and to an increased risk of chronic and metabolic diseases (Ferrari 2008;Figueiredo et al 2008;Hiona et al 2010;Jackson et al 2010). Therein, positive associations have been observed between oxygen free radicals and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, whereas the association between ROS and arterial stiffness was only observed among hypertensive men (Kruger et al 2012).…”