Mediating Social Anxiety and Disordered Eating: The Role of Expressive Suppression

McLean, Carmen P.; Miller, Nathan A.; Hope, Debra A.

doi:10.1080/10640260601044485

Cited by 54 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…First, individuals with mental health problems such as PTSD and depression may engage in unhealthy eating in response to stress or to assist with emotional regulation 29 , 30. For example, eating may serve as a coping strategy for those with depressed mood or anxiety the same way that alcohol and/or drugs may serve as a coping strategy for those with substance use disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mental Health Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUNDObesity is a growing public health concern and is becoming an epidemic among veterans in the post-deployment period.OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a large cohort of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, and to evaluate trajectories of change in BMI over 3 years.DESIGNRetrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis of veterans’ health recordsPARTICIPANTSA total of 496,722 veterans (59,790 female and 436,932 male veterans) whose height and weight were recorded at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system at least once after the end of their last deployment and whose first post-deployment outpatient encounter at the VA was at least 1 year prior to the end of the study period (December 31, 2011).MAIN MEASURESBMI, mental health diagnoses.KEY RESULTSSeventy-five percent of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans were either overweight or obese at baseline. Four trajectories were observed: “stable overweight” represented the largest class; followed by “stable obese;” “overweight/obese gaining;” and “obese losing.” During the 3-year ascertainment period, those with PTSD and depression in particular were at the greatest risk of being either obese without weight loss or overweight or obese and continuing to gain weight. Adjustment for demographics and antipsychotic medication attenuated the relationship between BMI and certain mental health diagnoses. Although BMI trajectories were similar in men and women, some gender differences were observed. For example, the risk of being in the persistently obese class in men was highest for those with PTSD, whereas for women, the risk was highest among those with depression.CONCLUSIONSThe growing number of overweight or obese returning veterans is a concerning problem for clinicians who work with these patients. Successful intervention to reduce the prevalence of obesity will require integrated efforts from primary care and mental health to treat underlying mental health causes and assist with engagement in weight loss programs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11606-013-2374-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mental Health Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans

et al. 2013

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“…However, in this case, binge eating may also occur as an attempt to relieve the distress caused by dissociation. Furthermore, although the link between bingeing and purging and social influence is less clear, research has highlighted the overlap between bulimia and social anxiety (Grabhorn, Stenner, Kaufbold, Overbeck, & Stangier, 2005;McLean, Miller, & Hope, 2007). Thus, binge eating may be used to avoid others in the context of this anxiety.…”

Section: Functions Of Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Psychological Meanings and Functions of Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Eating Disorders

Wedig

2013

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Eating Disorders

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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and eating disorder behaviors have many things in common, including some of the reasons why people do them. Many researchers have taken a syndromal approach, whereby such behaviors are seen as symptoms of some underlying illness, but it may be more fruitful to examine these behaviors from a functional approach, in which maladaptive behaviors are instead goal-directed behaviors performed to obtain some desired end. This chapter focuses on a functional perspective, presenting evidence for a four-factor model that might underlie both eating disorders and NSSI behavior. This model proposes two dichotomous dimensions including contingencies that are automatic versus social and reinforcement that is positive (i.e., followed by the presentation of a favorable stimulus) versus negative (i.e., followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus). Such an approach has a considerable impact on methodological considerations in research and clinical assessment and treatment. It suggests that a functional assessment might be useful in evaluating such patients and influencing treatment options, especially when these behaviors overlap.

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“…Similarly, other studies have found that BN participants estimate their actual body size to be larger after being exposed to high-calorie food, whereas controls do not. 34,35,37,38,95 In view of the evidence of a close relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders, 83,[96][97][98][99][100][101] we expected that the presence or absence of people would also exert a significant effect on body-image disturbances in our ED subjects. Surprisingly, however, neither the people variable nor the interaction between the food and people variables had a significant effect on body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Image in Eating Disorders: The Influence of Exposure to Virtual-Reality Environments

Gutiérrez-Maldonado

Ferrer-García

Caqueo-Urízar

et al. 2010

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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The aim of this article was to study the effect of virtual-reality exposure to situations that are emotionally significant for patients with eating disorders (ED) on the stability of body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction. A total of 85 ED patients and 108 non-ED students were randomly exposed to four experimental virtual environments: a kitchen with low-calorie food, a kitchen with high-calorie food, a restaurant with lowcalorie food, and a restaurant with high-calorie food. In the interval between the presentation of each situation, body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction were assessed. Several 2Â2Â2 repeated measures analyses of variance (high-calorie vs. low-calorie foodÂpresence vs. absence of peopleÂED group vs. control group) showed that ED participants had significantly higher levels of body-image distortion and body dissatisfaction after eating high-calorie food than after eating low-calorie food, while control participants reported a similar body image in all situations. The results suggest that body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction show both trait and state features. On the one hand, ED patients show a general predisposition to overestimate their body size and to feel more dissatisfied with their body image than controls. On the other hand, these body-image disturbances fluctuate when participants are exposed to virtual situations that are emotionally relevant for them.

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Mediating Social Anxiety and Disordered Eating: The Role of Expressive Suppression

Cited by 54 publications

References 42 publications

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mental Health Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mental Health Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans

Psychological Meanings and Functions of Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Eating Disorders

Body Image in Eating Disorders: The Influence of Exposure to Virtual-Reality Environments

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