Mediating Hillary Rodham Clinton: Television news practices and image‐making in the postmodern age

Visually Assessing the First Lady in a Digital Age: A Study of Michelle Obama as Portrayed by Journalists and the White House

“…In looking at both sources of visual images, the researcher coded subtle instances of traditionality that were context-independent, relying on Goffman's (1979) measures of traditional gender portrayals of women in the media. That the First Lady would be portrayed in this more feminine manner is supported by the literature that says that the White House does not want her seen as lacking femininity, too masculine, or too tough (Gardetto 1997;Parry-Giles 2000;Schmidt 2000;Witt, Paget, and Matthews 1994). This measure accounted for the fact that journalists and the White House have differing environmental opportunities to photograph the First Lady: journalists mainly at press events, while the White House may photograph within the home.…”

“…Consistent with the literature, the study suggests that motivations of the White House image handlers are more potent in engendering traditional gender stereotypes than are the journalistic routines, news values, and norms (Shoemaker and Reese 1991). The study also supports the literature that professes an intentional traditional portrayal of the First Lady as dispensed from the White House (e.g., Caroli 1987;Gould 1983;Parry-Giles 2000). In this study, the White House does display First Lady Michelle Obama more visually traditional than journalists.…”

“…A presidential candidate's wife has become an important asset to a presidential campaign, and her portrayal in the media therefore has high stakes (Shoop 2010). Parry-Giles (2000) similarly noted that Hillary Clinton's image handlers were instrumental in transforming her from "a strong, independent feminist to a good mother and sympathetic wife/victim" after the media accused her of being a failure in image making that lacked traditional femininity (207). In an attempt to balance the traditional First Lady roles with the nontraditional appearance of Hillary Clinton, the White House had a strategy for a "visual of the day" whereby a staff photographer sent out hundreds of official photographs to the media portraying her as a good mother and wife (Mandziuk 2008;Winfield 1997).…”

Future Mrs. President or Simply Bill?s Wife?: A Content Analysis of New York Times Coverage of Hillary Clinton in 2008 versus 2016

“…Research conducted by Vos (2013) helps compile these findings into a more generalized conclusion. The research conducted by Brown (1997) and Parry-Giles (2000) shows that people are utilizing expected gender roles to determine whether they like what Hillary is doing or not and the media is utilizing production techniques that make you think certain things about Hillary, typically negative in nature. Vos (2013) looked at television news coverage of female politicians in Belgium over a seven-year period.…”

Discursos sobre o feminino: um mapeamento dos programas eleitorais de Dilma Rousseff

“…É no interior desse contexto que se torna relevante compreender como tal pauta foi discursivamente mobilizada pelo(a)s candidato(a) s. Reconhecendo que essas candidaturas são, em grande medida, moldadas pela cobertura da mí-dia, pela própria retórica do(a)s candidato(a)s e pelos discursos dos oponentes (Gomes, 2004;Parry-Giles, 2000), interessa-nos perceber o modo como "o feminino" foi construído nos programas televisivos das campanhas do Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE). Neste artigo, por razões de espaço e escopo, nosso foco volta-se exclusivamente para a campanha de Dilma Rousseff, candidata que viria a se tornar a primeira presidenta do Brasil.…”