Medial temporal lobe regions mediate complex visual discriminations for both objects and scenes: A process‐based view

Lawrence, Ashley; Cardoza, Jose; Ryan, Lee

doi:10.1002/hipo.23203

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Recent evidence supports the key role of medial temporal lobe (MTL) and adjacent structures – the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex and parahippocampal cortex, not just for memory, but also for visual perceptual processing (Moscovitch et al, 2016). Neuropsychological studies in patients with MTL damage, and functional MRI studies in healthy individuals provide strong evidence for the involvement of hippocampus and perirhinal cortex in visual discrimination tasks, especially when there are similarities and shared features between the simultaneously presented stimuli (Bonnen et al, 2021; Lawrence et al, 2020; Lech and Suchan, 2014). Because the GNA PC test entails comparing pairs of geometric shapes that are presented simultaneously, it does not require visual memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of impaired neurocognitive performance on Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), and their brain structural correlates in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia: A pilot study

Mohan

Parekh

Lukose

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cognitive deficits are established as a fundamental feature of schizophrenia; however, their pattern and how they are affected by chronicity are still unclear. Although a generalized stable impairment affecting multiple cognitive domains is commonly seen from the onset, some longitudinal studies have shown evidence of neuroprogression, and selective deterioration in certain cognitive domains. We assessed cognitive performance in patients with recent-onset (n = 17, duration of illness ≤ 2 years) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 14, duration ≥ 15 years), and healthy adults (n = 16) using the Global Neuropsychological Assessment and examined correlations between cognitive scores and gray matter volumes computed from T1-weighted MRI images. We also measured and analyzed differences between patient groups for negative and positive symptoms, psychotic exacerbations, and medication exposure, and studied their correlations with cognitive performances. We observed cognitive deficits affecting multiple domains in both recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia samples. Selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison/processing speed was found in adults with chronic schizophrenia (p = 0.009, η2partial = 0.25). In the full sample (n = 47), perceptual comparison speed correlated significantly with gray matter volumes in the anterior and medial temporal lobes, predominantly on the left side (TFCE, FWE p < 0.01). These results indicate that along with generalized deficit across multiple cognitive domains, selectively greater impairment of perceptual comparison/processing speed appears to characterize chronic schizophrenia. This pattern might indicate an accelerated or premature cognitive aging. Gray matter volumetric deficits in the anterior-medial temporal lobes especially of left side might underlie the impaired perceptual comparison/processing speed seen in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of impaired neurocognitive performance on Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), and their brain structural correlates in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia: A pilot study

Mohan

Parekh

Lukose

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Although resting-state data cannot be used to make direct claims about function, the observation that the MTL participates in four different resting-state networks could shed light onto a more complex function of this central structure in memory and other related processes. Although the traditional view on MTL function highlights its role in memory (Squire & Zola-Morgan, 1991), there is much evidence that the MTL is also involved in perceptual and attentional processes that may contribute to performance in different memory-demanding tasks (e.g., Lawrence et al, 2020;Bussey & Saksida, 2005;Baxter, 2009). Specifically, the perirhinal cortex has been previously considered as a part of the ventral visual stream (Bussey & Saksida, 2005) and involved in the perception of objects (for a review Baxter, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial Temporal Lobe Contributions to Resting-State Networks

Seoane

Modroño

Mora

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a set of interconnected brain regions that have been shown to play a central role in behavior as well as in neurological disease. Recent studies using resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) have attempted to understand the MTL in terms of its functional connectivity with the rest of the brain. However, the exact characterization of the whole-brain networks that co-activate with the MTL as well as how the various sub-regions of the MTL are associated with these networks remains poorly understood. Here we attempted to advance these issues by exploiting the high spatial-resolution 7T rsfMRI dataset from the Human Connectome Project with a data-driven analysis approach that relied on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) restricted to the MTL. We found that four different well-known resting-state networks co-activated with a unique configuration of MTL subcomponents. Specifically, we found that different sections of the parahippocampal cortex were involved in the default mode, visual and dorsal attention networks, sections of the hippocampus in the somatomotor and default mode networks, and the lateral entorhinal cortex in the dorsal attention network. We replicated this set of results in a validation sample. These results provide new insight into how the MTL and its subcomponents contribute to known resting-state networks. The participation of the MTL in an expanded range of resting-state networks requires a rethink of its presumed role in behavior and disease.

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“…It is important to point out that PRC does not only receive information from the ventral visual stream, but additionally receives a number of inputs from spatial processing regions such as the PHC (Suzuki and Amaral, 1994a;Burwell and Amaral, 1998b). Accordingly, studies have reported evidence for similar processing of object-related and spatial information in the PRC under some circumstances (Berron et al, 2018;Lawrence et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental reinstatement of faces and scenes in medial temporal lobe subregions during word recognition

Schultz

Sommer

Peters

2021

Preprint

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During associative retrieval, the brain reinstates neural representations that were present during encoding. The human medial temporal lobe (MTL) with its subregions hippocampus (HC), perirhinal cortex (PRC), and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) plays a central role in neural reinstatement. Previous studies have given compelling evidence for reinstatement in the MTL during explicitly instructed associative retrieval. High-confident recognition may be similarly accompanied by recollection of associated information from the encoding context. It is unclear, however, whether high-confident recognition memory elicits reinstatement in the MTL even in the absence of an explicit instruction to retrieve associated information. Here, we addressed this open question using high-resolution fMRI. Twenty-eight male and female human volunteers engaged in a recognition memory task for words that they had previously encoded together with faces and scenes. Using complementary uni- and multivariate approaches, we show that MTL subregions including the PRC, PHC, and HC differentially reinstate category-specific representations during high-confident word recognition, even though no explicit instruction to retrieve the associated category was given. This constitutes novel evidence that high-confident recognition memory is accompanied by incidental reinstatement of associated category information in MTL subregions, and supports a functional model of the MTL that emphasises content-sensitive representations during both encoding and retrieval.

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Medial temporal lobe regions mediate complex visual discriminations for both objects and scenes: A process‐based view

Cited by 13 publications

References 89 publications

Patterns of impaired neurocognitive performance on Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), and their brain structural correlates in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia: A pilot study

Patterns of impaired neurocognitive performance on Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), and their brain structural correlates in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia: A pilot study

Medial Temporal Lobe Contributions to Resting-State Networks

Incidental reinstatement of faces and scenes in medial temporal lobe subregions during word recognition

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