Medial prefrontal lesions in the rat and spatial navigation: Evidence for impaired planning.

Granon, Sylvie; Poucet, Bruno

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.109.3.474

Cited by 126 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…They mobilize, in the primate and human brain, areas such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior and posterior cingulate, and the posterior parietal cortex (32,33). In rats, planning and flexible behaviors also rely on prefrontal cortex integrity (21,22,(34)(35)(36). Such ''supervisory'' executive processes (37) may plausibly mobilize sets of neurons with long-range axons belonging to a global workspace.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive and social behaviors under nicotinic receptor regulation

Granon

Fauré

Changeux

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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153

164

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Nicotine enhances several cognitive and psychomotor behaviors, and nicotinic antagonists cause impairments in tasks requiring cognitive effort. To explore the contribution of nicotinic receptors to complex cognitive functions, we developed an automated method to investigate sequential locomotor behavior in the mouse and an analysis of social behavior. We show that, in the ␤2 ؊/؊ mutant, the high-order spatiotemporal organization of locomotor behavior, together with conflict resolution and social interaction, is selectively dissociated from low-level, more automatic motor behaviors. Such deficits in executive functions resemble the rigid and asocial behavior found in some psychopathological disorders such as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. N icotine and nicotinic agonists enhance cognitive and psychomotor behaviors in various species (1-5). Conversely, nicotinic antagonists (6, 7) and loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) under various pathological conditions impair cognitive performance (8-10). These pharmacological actions of nicotine are mediated by a variety of nAChR subtypes with different distribution patterns in the brain (11,12). To unravel their respective contribution to brain functions, mice lacking defined nAChR subunits have been generated (for a review see ref. 13).Brain nAChRs are pentameric oligomers composed of protein subunits arranged in various combinations of ␣ (2-9) and ␤ (2-4). The principal combinations that predominate in the brain are ␣4␤2 and ␣7 subunits (13,14). Mice lacking the ␤2 subunits show abnormal passive avoidance (15) and impaired nicotine self-administration (16) and drug discrimination (17) and exhibit a reduced nociceptive response to nicotine (18) and decreased visual acuity (19). On the other hand, general spatial memory tested in the water-maze task is not affected (9).The aim of this article is to explore the contribution of nAChRs to complex cognitive functions referred to as executive processes. The management of these processes provides the maintenance of goal representation, the appropriate adaptation of behavior in a changing environment, the organization of sequences of actions over time, and the inhibition of prepotent or previous responses (20). Former work in humans and animals has shown that these processes require prefrontal and͞or cingulate activation (21-24). Behavioral protocols known to rely on the integrity of these structures were adapted to mice.We developed an automated analytical procedure for locomotor behavior (25) in the mouse. This method makes possible the distinction and quantitative evaluation of high-level executive components from low-level motor behavior. Furthermore, to study an index of adapted responses to a context that potentially leads to conflict resolution, we designed a procedure aimed at the distinction between several types of sequential behaviors in a social context. Interestingly, the ''supervisory planning'' organization of mouse locomotor behavior and conflict resolution were found selectivel...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive and social behaviors under nicotinic receptor regulation

Granon

Fauré

Changeux

2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

153

164

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“…This is because previous results indicate that the prefrontal cortex, including the orbito-frontal cortex, is sensitive to changes in attentional demands or task difficulty (Bussey, Muir, Everitt, & Robbins, 1997;Gill, Sarter, & Givens, 2000;Granon & Poucet, 1995;Otto & Eichenbaum, 1992;Williams, Mohler, & Givens, 1999). Therefore, the orbitofrontal cortex may be important in reducing interference to irrelevant stimuli in a task, even stimuli that were not previously relevant in a different phase of learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in learning under changing task contingencies

Kim

Ragozzino

2005

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

167

158

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Previous investigations examining the rat prefrontal cortex subregions in attentional-set shifting have commonly employed two-choice discriminations. To better understand how varying levels of difficulty influence the contribution of the prefrontal cortex to learning, the present studies examined the effects of orbitofrontal cortex inactivation in a two-or four-choice odor reversal learning test. Long-Evans rats were trained to dig in cups that contained distinct odors. In the twochoice odor discrimination, one odor cup was always associated with a cereal reinforcement in acquisition while the opposite odor cup was associated with a cereal reinforcement in reversal learning. In the four-choice odor discrimination, an additional two cups containing distinct odors were used that were never associated with reinforcement in acquisition or reversal learning. Bilateral infusions of the GABA-A agonist, muscimol (0.5 μg) into the orbitofrontal cortex did not impair acquisition of either the two-or four-choice discrimination task. However, muscimol infusions into the orbitofrontal cortex impaired two-and four-choice reversal learning. In the twochoice odor reversal, muscimol treatment selectively increased perseverative errors. In the fourchoice odor reversal, muscimol treatment increased perseverative, regressive, as well as irrelevant errors. These findings suggest that the orbital prefrontal cortex not only enables task switching by supporting the initial inhibition of a previously relevant choice pattern, but under increasing task demands also enables the reliable execution of a new choice pattern and reduction of interference to irrelevant stimuli.

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“…According to this theory, the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is involved in the control of response-based strategies by means of a slow and inflexible "trial and error" learning, whereas placebased strategies are mediated by the hippocampus (Hc) and other neural structures to which it projects, such as prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Mizumori 2008;Jankowski et al 2009;White 2009). Learning in the Hc-dependent pathway is considered to be rapid and flexible (Granon and Poucet 1995;Yin and Knowlton 2004;Grahn et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path planning versus cue responding: a bio-inspired model of switching between navigation strategies

et al. 2010

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In this article, we describe a new computational model of switching between path-planning and cue-guided navigation strategies. It is based on three main assumptions: (i) the strategies are mediated by separate memory systems that learn independently and in parallel; (ii) the learning algorithms are different in the two memory systems-the cueguided strategy uses a temporal-difference (TD) learning rule to approach a visible goal, whereas the path-planning strategy relies on a place-cell-based graph-search algorithm to learn the location of a hidden goal; (iii) a strategy selection mechanism uses TD-learning rule to choose the most successful strategy based on past experience. We propose a novel criterion for strategy selection based on the directions of goal-oriented movements suggested by the different strategies. We show that the selection criterion based on this "common currency" is capable of choosing the best among TD-learning and planning strategies and can be used to solve navigational tasks in continuous state and action spaces. The model has been successfully applied to reproduce rat behavior in two water-maze tasks in which the two strategies were Laurent Dollé, Denis Sheynikhovich-First authorship shared.

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Medial prefrontal lesions in the rat and spatial navigation: Evidence for impaired planning.

Cited by 126 publications

References 46 publications

Executive and social behaviors under nicotinic receptor regulation

Executive and social behaviors under nicotinic receptor regulation

The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in learning under changing task contingencies

Path planning versus cue responding: a bio-inspired model of switching between navigation strategies

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