Medial Ankle and Heel: Ultrasound Evaluation and Sonographic Appearances of Conditions Causing Symptoms

Kotnis, Nikhil; Harish, Srinivasan; Popowich, Terry

doi:10.1053/j.sult.2010.11.001

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A linear 18–5 MHz probe was used on an Arietta 850 Fujifilm ultrasound machine to obtain sonographic scans of the TT on a healthy volunteer. The volunteer was lying with the medial ankle facing up-wards ( 16 ) . The ultrasound probe was positioned posterior to the medial malleolus in a transverse oblique plane with the posterior aspect of the probe rotated towards the calcaneus, parallel to the Dellon-Mackinnon malleolar-calcaneal axis (DMA), a reference line from the centre of the medial malleolus to the centre of the calcaneus ( 16 , 20 ) .…”

Section: Ultrasound Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volunteer was lying with the medial ankle facing up-wards ( 16 ) . The ultrasound probe was positioned posterior to the medial malleolus in a transverse oblique plane with the posterior aspect of the probe rotated towards the calcaneus, parallel to the Dellon-Mackinnon malleolar-calcaneal axis (DMA), a reference line from the centre of the medial malleolus to the centre of the calcaneus ( 16 , 20 ) . We scanned the medial ankle by elevator technique, from the level of the distal third of the tibia, where the flexor retinaculum starts to form, and continued distally to the point where plantar nerves enter the plantar surface of the foot.…”

Section: Ultrasound Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each tendon lies in its own fibro-osseous compartment ( 7 , 8 , 10 , 21 ) . PTT, which has a typical tendinous fibrillar ultrasound appearance and lies in a shallow groove in the medial malleolus, is the most anteriorly located structure on an axial view of the proximal TT ( 16 ) . Posterior to PTT lies FDLT, which is usually about half the size of PTT ( 16 ) .…”

Section: Tarsal Tunnel Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PTT, which has a typical tendinous fibrillar ultrasound appearance and lies in a shallow groove in the medial malleolus, is the most anteriorly located structure on an axial view of the proximal TT ( 16 ) . Posterior to PTT lies FDLT, which is usually about half the size of PTT ( 16 ) . Posterior to FDLT lies the neurovascular bundle with PTA and accompanying PTV and TN.…”

Section: Tarsal Tunnel Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, nerves can be visualized under the vessels ( 4 ) . TN can be visualized as superficial and anterior to FHLT and presents with a fascicular or beehive-like echo pattern ( 16 ) . The flexor retinaculum, which appears as a hyperechoic fibrillar band on an ultrasound, extends over the TT from the medial malleolus to the medial calcaneus ( Fig.…”

Section: Tarsal Tunnel Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sonographic assessment of the tarsal tunnel compared to cadaveric findings: a pictorial study

Harej,

Salapura,

Cvetko

et al. 2023

J Ultrason

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Aim of the study: To present the anatomy of the tarsal tunnel and demonstrate the utility of high-resolution ultrasound for tarsal tunnel examination. Materials and methods: Anatomical dissection was performed on a defrosted cadaveric model to demonstrate relevant anatomical structures of the tarsal tunnel, namely tendons, vessels and nerves. The tibial nerve division was demonstrated; the bifurcation of the tibial nerve into the medial and lateral plantar nerve, two medial calcaneal nerve branches were identified originating from the tibial nerve and the Baxter‘s nerve was identified as the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve. An ultrasound examination of the tarsal tunnel region was performed on a healthy volunteer. A linear probe was used and sonographic images were obtained at different levels of the tarsal tunnel: the proximal tarsal tunnel, the tibial nerve division into the medial and lateral plantar nerves, the distal tarsal tunnel, the Baxter’s nerve branching point and the Baxter’s nerve crossing between the abductor hallucis and quadratus plantae muscle. Results: Sonographic images were correlated with anatomical structures exposed during cadaveric dissection. Conclusions: We presented the anatomic-sonographic correlation of the tarsal tunnel and showed that high-resolution ultrasound is a useful imaging modality for tarsal tunnel assessment.

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Section: Ultrasound Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%