Media Use by Children, and Parents’ Views on Children's Media Usage

Abstract

BackgroundNew (mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, and social media) and traditional media (television) have come to dominate the lives of many children and adolescents. Despite all of this media time and new technology, many parents seem to have few rules regarding the use of media by their children and adolescents.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate media access/use of children and to evaluate beliefs and attitudes of parents concerning the use of old and new media in Turkey.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional electronic survey of a national convenience sample in Turkey via SurveyMonkey, including 41 questions regarding topics relevant to television, computers, mobile phones, iPad/tablet use, and social media accounts.ResultsThe responses of the 333 participants (238 women, 95 men; 27-63 years) were evaluated. The average daily watching alone time was 0 to 2 hours among 53.4% (46/86), and daily coviewing time with parents of children was 0 to 2 hours among 62.7% (54/86) of children below 2 years of age. Regarding parents’ monitoring their children’s computer use (n=178), 35.4% (63/178) of the parents prefer coviewing, 13.5% of the parents use a family filter (24/178), and 33.1% (59/178) of the parents prefer to check Web history. Approximately 71.2% (237/333) of the participants had an iPad/tablet in the house, 84.3% (200/333) of the parents give their children permission to use the iPad/tablet. Of the parents, 22.5% (45/200) noted that their children used the iPad/tablet at the table during lunch/dinner and 57.9% (26/45) of these children were aged 5 years and below. Of parents, 27.3% (91/333) agreed that the optimal age for owning a mobile phone was 12 years, and 18.0% (60/333) of the parents noted that their children (one-third was below 2 years) used the mobile phone at the table during meals. A total of 33.3% (111/333) children/adolescents have a Facebook profile, and 54.0% (60/111) were below 13 years of age. Approximately 89.2% (297/333) of the parents emphasized that the Internet is essential for their child’s education.DiscussionAccording to our study results, knowledge regarding the use of old and new media is limited among the parents in Turkey. Our study showed that screen time and mobile device use (including during meals) are common in children below 2 years of age, whereas no screen time was recommended for children below 2 years of age. We concluded that there is need for evidence-based guidelines regarding the use of the Internet and social media for parents and parents should ensure that there is a plan in place for the use of children’s media.

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“…Another study from Korea suggested similar findings [10]. The screen time is significantly more in this study as compared to other previous studies probably because they are having country-specific guidelines regarding daily screen time and general awareness [11][12][13]. In addition, possession of smart phones by most of the parents grants easy access for the children to the devices [7].…”

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“…Many researchers have reported associations between early media exposure and outcomes as wide ranging as sleep ( Cheung et al, 2017 ), obesity ( Jackson et al, 2009 ), antisocial behavior ( Zimmerman and Christakis, 2007 ), attention problems ( Christakis et al, 2004 ), and language delays ( Zimmerman et al, 2007 ). Higher screen time has been identified as a key predictor of poorer outcomes in many nations, including Turkey ( Dinleyici et al, 2016 ), Canada ( Madigan et al, 2019 ), and Hong Kong ( Fu et al, 2017 ) and in a recent series of qualitative studies across seven European countries ( Chaudron, 2015 ). Despite multiple studies reporting negative associations between media use and child outcomes, mixed findings abound.…”