Media reporting on alcohol and other drugs in Australia and the Mindframe guidelines: Baseline data

Sunderland, Matthew; Kershaw, Stephanie; Ward, Caitlin; Bryant, Zachary; Teesson, Lily; Whittle, Rebecca; Paton, Elizabeth; Charnley, Janine L.; Skehan, Jaelea

doi:10.1111/dar.13622

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Accompanying this increase in focus on the drug has been a rise in public concern, with methamphetamines ranked as the drug of most serious concern for the general community in the 2019 NDSHS [30]. A study examining media reporting on alcohol and other drugs in Australia identified that media entries on methamphetamine overwhelming focused on criminal justice, crime or law enforcement [31]. Comparatively, only one‐third of alcohol‐related media entries focused on crime/law issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in the Australian public's opinions towards alcohol policies: 2004–2019

Torney,

Room,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Drug and Alcohol Review

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IntroductionAfter a period of stagnation, alcohol policy in Australia has received increased attention in the past decade, with Sydney's lockout laws and Queensland's restrictions on trading hours garnering media attention. This study will investigate any changing trends in support towards alcohol policy and identify any demographic‐specific shifts.MethodsRespondents from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (conducted every 3 years from 2004 to 2019) were asked to gauge their level of support for 16 alcohol policy items proposed to reduce the problems associated with excessive alcohol use. Mean levels of support for various policy options, as well as demographic predictors of support, were assessed.ResultsAfter an increase from 2004 to 2013, support for more evidence‐based policies on alcohol (e.g., restricting the availability of alcohol) has decreased since 2013. Support for policy items that focus less on the restriction of the availability of alcohol and more on education remained relatively stable in comparison. While demographic groups continue to vary in their extent of support, shifts appear to be occurring fairly uniformly across sex, age, states and drinking groups.Discussion and ConclusionsSupport for public health‐oriented alcohol policies has been decreasing since 2013. The introduction of high‐profile policies and less of a media focus on alcohol may be contributing to decreases in support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in the Australian public's opinions towards alcohol policies: 2004–2019

Torney,

Room,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Drug and Alcohol Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The engineered prompt structure featured a role, task, requirements, and instructions and was developed based on GPT-4's internal prompts, university guides, and developer guides [24,25]. These prompts were also written to reflect best-practice communication guidelines in relation to mental health and substance use [26][27][28]. For each of the 4 factsheets, 3 prompts were applied in 3 steps within the same chat (Textbox 2), and a new chat was opened for each topic.…”

Section: Evidence-based Factsheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Media guidelines for safe, respectful, and responsible communication about mental health and substance use are important to inform the development of nonstigmatizing health materials. Best-practice public communication guidelines for mental health and substance use were used to evaluate GPT-4-generated responses and consumer materials [26][27][28].…”

Section: Communication Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can we use ChatGPT for Mental Health and Substance Use Education? Examining Its Quality and Potential Harms

Spallek,

Birrell,

Kershaw

et al. 2023

JMIR Med Educ

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Background The use of generative artificial intelligence, more specifically large language models (LLMs), is proliferating, and as such, it is vital to consider both the value and potential harms of its use in medical education. Their efficiency in a variety of writing styles makes LLMs, such as ChatGPT, attractive for tailoring educational materials. However, this technology can feature biases and misinformation, which can be particularly harmful in medical education settings, such as mental health and substance use education. This viewpoint investigates if ChatGPT is sufficient for 2 common health education functions in the field of mental health and substance use: (1) answering users’ direct queries and (2) aiding in the development of quality consumer educational health materials. Objective This viewpoint includes a case study to provide insight into the accessibility, biases, and quality of ChatGPT’s query responses and educational health materials. We aim to provide guidance for the general public and health educators wishing to utilize LLMs. Methods We collected real world queries from 2 large-scale mental health and substance use portals and engineered a variety of prompts to use on GPT-4 Pro with the Bing BETA internet browsing plug-in. The outputs were evaluated with tools from the Sydney Health Literacy Lab to determine the accessibility, the adherence to Mindframe communication guidelines to identify biases, and author assessments on quality, including tailoring to audiences, duty of care disclaimers, and evidence-based internet references. Results GPT-4’s outputs had good face validity, but upon detailed analysis were substandard in comparison to expert-developed materials. Without engineered prompting, the reading level, adherence to communication guidelines, and use of evidence-based websites were poor. Therefore, all outputs still required cautious human editing and oversight. Conclusions GPT-4 is currently not reliable enough for direct-consumer queries, but educators and researchers can use it for creating educational materials with caution. Materials created with LLMs should disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence and be evaluated on their efficacy with the target audience.

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Perceived barriers to help‐seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine: Perspectives of people with lived experience, family members and health workers

Kershaw,

Sunderland,

Grager

et al. 2024

Drug and Alcohol Review

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IntroductionBarriers to help‐seeking for illicit drug use cross psychosocial (e.g., knowledge of where to seek help, attitudinal beliefs like being afraid of what people will think) and structural (e.g., service availability) domains. Along with people who use illicit drugs, it is important to consider the perspectives of other key groups who are often involved in the help‐seeking and recovery process. This study aimed to examine the perceived barriers to help‐seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine (‘ice’) among key groups (people who use crystal methamphetamine, families and friends, health workers) as well as the general community.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey open to all Australian residents (aged ≥18 years) was conducted November 2018–March 2019. Four key groups of interest were recruited to examine and compare perceived barriers to help‐seeking for crystal methamphetamine use.ResultsParticipants (n = 2108) included: people who use/have used crystal methamphetamine (n = 564, 39%), health workers (n = 288, 26.8%), affected family/friends (n = 434, 13.7%) and general community (n = 822, 20.6%). People who used crystal methamphetamine demonstrated increased odds of reporting attitudinal (OR 1.35; 1.02–1.80) or structural (OR 1.89; 1.09–3.27) barriers, or a previous negative help‐seeking experience (OR 2.27; 1.41–3.66) compared to knowledge barriers. Health workers demonstrated decreased odds of reporting attitudinal compared to knowledge barriers (OR 0.69; 0.50–0.95).Discussion and ConclusionsPerceived barriers to seeking help for crystal methamphetamine use differed among key groups involved in treatment and recovery. Acknowledging and addressing the mismatches between key groups, through targeted interventions may better support people to seek help for crystal methamphetamine use.

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Media reporting on alcohol and other drugs in Australia and the Mindframe guidelines: Baseline data

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Shifts in the Australian public's opinions towards alcohol policies: 2004–2019

Shifts in the Australian public's opinions towards alcohol policies: 2004–2019

Can we use ChatGPT for Mental Health and Substance Use Education? Examining Its Quality and Potential Harms

Perceived barriers to help‐seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine: Perspectives of people with lived experience, family members and health workers

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