Media optimization of antimicrobial activity production and beta-glucan content of endophytic fungi Xylaria sp. BCC 1067

Jayasekara, Channa; Poonsawad, Attaporn; Watchaputi, Kwanrutai; Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak; Soontorngun, Nitnipa

doi:10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00742

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Xylaria are known to produce antimicrobial compounds (Canli et al 2016 ; Jayasekara et al 2022 ; Liu et al 2008 ; Rakshith et al 2020 ) that help the fungus survive interactions with other organisms (Elias et al 2018 ). Many species have been studied for their use in the medical field and for human health applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Xylaria in the Ecuadorian Amazon and their mode of wood degradation

Rajtar,

Kielsmeier-Cook,

Held

et al. 2023

Bot Stud

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Background Xylaria is a diverse and ecologically important genus in the Ascomycota. This paper describes the xylariaceous fungi present in an Ecuadorian Amazon Rainforest and investigates the decay potential of selected Xylaria species. Fungi were collected at Yasuní National Park, Ecuador during two collection trips to a single hectare plot divided into a 10-m by 10-m grid, providing 121 collection points. All Xylaria fruiting bodies found within a 1.2-m radius of each grid point were collected. Dried fruiting bodies were used for culturing and the internal transcribed spacer region was sequenced to identify Xylaria samples to species level. Agar microcosms were used to assess the decay potential of three selected species, two unknown species referred to as Xylaria 1 and Xylaria 2 and Xylaria curta, on four different types of wood from trees growing in Ecuador including balsa (Ochroma pyramidale), melina (Gmelina arborea), saman (Samanea saman), and moral (Chlorophora tinctoria). ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were used to test for differences in biomass lost between wood blocks inoculated with Xylaria and uninoculated control blocks. Scanning electron micrographs of transverse sections of each wood and assay fungus were used to assess the type of degradation present. Results 210 Xylaria collections were sequenced, with 106 collections belonging to 60 taxa that were unknown species, all with less than 97% match to NCBI reference sequences. Xylaria with sequence matches of 97% or greater included X. aff. comosa (28 isolates), X. cuneata (9 isolates) X. curta and X. oligotoma (7 isolates), and X. apiculta (6 isolates)., All Xylaria species tested were able to cause type 1 or type 2 soft rot degradation in the four wood types and significant biomass loss was observed compared to the uninoculated controls. Balsa and melina woods had the greatest amount of biomass loss, with as much as 60% and 25% lost, respectively, compared to the controls. Conclusions Xylaria species were found in extraordinary abundance in the Ecuadorian rainforest studied. Our study demonstrated that the Xylaria species tested can cause a soft rot type of wood decay and with the significant amount of biomass loss that occurred within a short incubation time, it indicates these fungi likely play a significant role in nutrient cycling in the Amazonian rainforest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Xylaria in the Ecuadorian Amazon and their mode of wood degradation

Rajtar,

Kielsmeier-Cook,

Held

et al. 2023

Bot Stud

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“…Anusuya and Sathiyabama [139] observed the antifungal effect of β-glucan against the destructive fungus P. aphanidermatum, which mainly harms crucial crop plants. Similarly, Jayasekara et al [62] and Anusuya and Sathiyabama [140] reported the antifungal efficacy of β-D glucan against the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and in the prevention of rhizome rot disease of turmeric, respectively. Vetvicka [141] examined the impact of β-glucan against environmental toxins like mycotoxin, aflatoxin, and depleted uranium.…”

Section: Microbial β-Glucanmentioning

confidence: 94%

Microbial Biopolymers: From Production to Environmental Applications—A Review

Sharma,

Tellili,

Kacem

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Industrial evolution and agricultural expansion, explained by continuing population growth, have rendered enormous problems for the world throughout the past few decades, primarily because of waste generation. To reduce environmental impact and dependence on fossil fuels, scientists have explored replacing synthetic polymers with environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives in many emergent applications. In this regard, microbial biopolymers have gained special attention. Many biopolymers originating from various strains of bacteria, fungi, and algae have been reported and their possible applications have increased rapidly. This review focuses on the wide range of microbial biopolymers, their characteristics, and factors influencing their production. The present study also describes the environmental applications of microbial biopolymers. The use of these biopolymers is very attractive as a value-added and sustainable approach to wastewater treatment. By acting as adsorbents, coagulants, and flocculants as well as filters in membrane processes, microbial biopolymers shine as promising solutions beyond conventional methods. They can be integrated into various stages of the treatment process, further enhancing the efficiency of wastewater treatment methods. Microbial biopolymer applications in bioremediation and soil stabilization are also reviewed. Several studies have demonstrated the strong potential of biopolymers in soil improvement due to their ability to minimize permeability, eliminate heavy metals, stabilize soil, and limit erosion. Challenges related to scaling up and the downstream processing of microbial biopolymers, as well as its future perspectives in environmental applications, are also discussed.

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