Media Influences on Social Outcomes: The Impact of MTV's 16 and Pregnant on Teen Childbearing

Kearney, Melissa S.; Levine, Phillip B.

doi:10.3386/w19795

Cited by 122 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this age of apps and tweets, this avenue for potential interventions is ripe for investigation. A recent study 178 (which did not meet our inclusion criteria) examined the influences of media on social outcomes and concluded that television programmes, such as the reality TV show '16 and Pregnant', 179 engaged at-risk adolescents and conveyed information that led to changes in their behaviour and prevented them from giving birth at such a young age. The authors of this study stated that there was a substantial change (a 5.7% reduction) in the rate of teenagers giving birth in the USA to babies that would have been conceived between June 2009, when the show began, and the end of 2010.…”

Section: Gaps In the Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention Now to Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement

Whitaker¹,

Hendry

Aslam

et al. 2016

Health Technol Assess

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BackgroundThe UK has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancies in Western Europe. One-fifth of these are repeat pregnancies. Unintended conceptions can cause substantial emotional, psychological and educational harm to teenagers, often with enduring implications for life chances. Babies of teenage mothers have increased mortality and are at a significantly increased risk of poverty, educational underachievement and unemployment later in life, with associated costs to society. It is important to identify effective, cost-effective and acceptable interventions.ObjectivesTo identify who is at the greatest risk of repeat unintended pregnancies; which interventions are effective and cost-effective; and what the barriers to and facilitators of the uptake of these interventions are.Data sourcesWe conducted a multistreamed, mixed-methods systematic review informed by service user and provider consultation to examine worldwide peer-reviewed evidence and UK-generated grey literature to find and evaluate interventions to reduce repeat unintended teenage pregnancies. We searched the following electronic databases: MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and the Health Technology Assessment Database), EMBASE (Excerpta Medicadatabase), British Nursing Index, Educational Resources Information Center, Sociological Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, BiblioMap (the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre register of health promotion and public health research), Social Sciences Citation Index (supported by Web of Knowledge), Research Papers in Economics, EconLit (American Economic Association’s electronic bibliography), OpenGrey, Scopus, Scirus, Social Care Online, National Research Register, National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network Portfolio and Index to THESES. Searches were conducted in May 2013 and updated in June 2014. In addition, we conducted a systematic search of Google (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) in January 2014. Database searches were guided by an advisory group of stakeholders.Review methodsTo address the topic’s complexities, we used a structured, innovative and iterative approach combining methods tailored to each evidence stream. Quantitative data (effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, risk factors and effect modifiers) were synthesised with reference to Cochrane guidelines for evaluating evidence on public health interventions. Qualitative evidence addressing facilitators of and barriers to the uptake of interventions, experience and acceptability of interventions was synthesised thematically. We applied the principles of realist synthesis to uncover theories and mechanisms underpinning interventions (what works, for whom and in what context). Finally, we conducted an overarching narrative of synthesis of evidence and gathered service user feedback.ResultsWe identified 8664 documents initially, and 816 in repeat searches. We filtered these to 12 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), four quasi-RCTs, 10 qualitative studies and 53 other quantitative studies published between 1996 and 2012. None of the RCTs was based in the UK. The RCTs evaluated an emergency contraception programme and psychosocial interventions. We found no evidence for effectiveness with regard to condom use, contraceptive use or rates of unprotected sex or use of birth control. Our primary outcome was repeat conception rate: the event rate was 132 of 308 (43%) in the intervention group versus 140 of 289 (48%) for the control goup, with a non-significant risk ratio (RR) of 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78 to 1.08]. Four studies reported subsequent birth rates: 29 of 237 (12%) events for the intervention arm versus 46 out of 224 (21%) for the control arm, with a RR of 0.60 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.93). Many repeat conceptions occurred in the context of poverty, low expectations and aspirations, and negligible opportunities. Service user feedback suggested that there were specific motivations for many repeat conceptions, for example to replace loss or to please a partner. Realist synthesis highlighted that context, motivation, planning for the future and letting young women take control with connectedness and tailoring provide a conceptual framework for future research.LimitationsIncluded studies rarely characterised adolescent pregnancy as intended or unintended, that is interventions to reduce repeat conceptions rarely addressed whether or not pregnancies were intended. Furthermore, interventions were often not clearly defined, had multiple aims and did not indicate which elements were intended to address which aims. Nearly all of the studies were conducted in the USA and focused largely on African American or Hispanic and Latina American populations.ConclusionsWe found no evidence to indicate that existing interventions to reduce repeat teenage pregnancy were effective; however, subsequent births were reduced by home-based interventions. Qualitative and realist evidence helped to explain gaps in intervention design that should be addressed. More theory-based, rigorously evaluated programmes need to be developed to reduce repeat teenage pregnancy in the UK.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012003168. Cochrane registration number: i=fertility/0068.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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Section: Gaps In the Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention Now to Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement

Whitaker¹,

Hendry

Aslam

et al. 2016

Health Technol Assess

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“…Research designs include lab experiments, longitudinal-panel surveys, and cross-sectional surveys: meta-analyses of this research affirm that exposure to certain messages within mainstream media has a powerful, independent effect on Americans' opinions, self-conceptions, and ultimately behaviors (Barlett, Vowels, and Saucier 2008;Grabe, Hyde, and Ward 2008). Much of the extant research focuses on the extent to which certain dominant media messages, particularly in television, may shape Americans' propensity to hold negative stereotypes of certain minority groups (Garretson 2015;Goldman 2012), their propensity to hold a negative self-image (Agliata and Tantleff-Dunn 2004;Aubrey 2006;Barlett, et al 2008;Grabe, et al 2008;Stice, Spangler, and Agras 2001), or their opinions about risky social behavior (Aubrey et al 2014;Kearney and Levine 2015). A large body of research examines how secular media consumption shapes Americans' political views, but this literature has been less likely to examine religious media specifically (Barker and Knight 2000;Baumgartner and Morris 2006;Baumgartner, Morris, and Walth 2012;Hopkins and Ladd 2012;Johnston and Bartels 2010;Valentino 1999).…”

Section: Media Consumption and Public Opinionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Seeing is Believing: Religious Media Consumption and Public Opinion toward Same-Sex Relationships

Perry¹,

Schnabel²

2018

Preprint

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An extensive literature demonstrates that religion is a key determinant of Americans' social and political attitudes. This literature, however, has neglected an important measure of everyday religious practice, preference, and socialization: religious media consumption. We take a key social issue where attitudes have been shown to be largely shaped by religion-same-sex relationships-as an example to determine whether religious media consumption predicts social attitudes net of the measures typically included in the literature on religion and attitudes: affiliation, practice, and literalism. We draw on data from three national surveys, each of which contains different measures of religious media consumption and attitudes toward various samesex relationships: the 1998 General Social Survey, 2005 Baylor Religion Survey, and 2012 Portraits of American Life Study. Both multivariate and propensity score matching analyses demonstrate that religious media consumption independently predicts lower support for same-sex relationships in all three surveys. We propose that religious media consumption is a key measure of religious practice, preference, and socialization that shapes Americans' views toward social issues through both direct messages and by fortifying subcultural boundaries.Key Words: attitudes, public opinion, religion, media, sexuality, same-sex marriage, same-sex adoption, propensity score matching The publisher's version of this paper can be found at DOI: 0.1177/2329496516686616 Citation: Perry, Samuel L. and Landon Schnabel. 2017. "Seeing is Believing: Religious Media Consumption and Public Opinion toward Same-Sex Relationships." Social Currents 4(5): 462-481.* Both authors contributed equally to the work, and their names are listed alphabetically. We are grateful to Brian Powell for the insightful feedback on an earlier draft. We would also like to thank the editors and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Direct correspondence to Landon Schnabel, Department of Sociology, Indiana University, 744 Ballantine Hall, 1020 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. Email: lpschnab@indiana.edu.Religious Media and Same-Sex Relationships 2 An extensive literature demonstrates that religion is a key determinant of Americans' social and political attitudes. This literature, however, has neglected an important measure of everyday religious practice, preference, and socialization: religious media consumption. We take a key social issue where attitudes have been shown to be largely shaped by religion-same-sex relationships-as an example to determine whether religious media consumption predicts social attitudes net of the measures typically included in the literature on religion and attitudes: evangelical affiliation, religious practice (attendance, prayer, and scripture reading frequency), and view of the Bible.Conservative religious identification and commitment are strongly related to public opinion toward gay and lesbian family relationships in the United States

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“…Los resultados indican que por una parte el programa ayuda a que se discuta sobre la temática (Scull et al, 2010), a que se tuitee y busque sobre el control de la natalidad, y a que se reduzca el nacimiento por parte de padres adolescentes (Kearney & Levine, 2014). Otros resultados demostraron que luego de ver la serie, además de la disminución de nacimientos, aumentó el uso de anticonceptivos (Trudeau, 2016).…”

Section: Educar Y Entretenerunclassified

El publicista social en la convergencia del Buen Vivir y los ODS

González-Cabrera

2017

CHQ

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ResumenLa publicidad social es una herramienta esencial en el cumplimiento de las metas y lineamientos del Buen Vivir y, por ende, de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2030. En este trabajo se analiza su aplicación, su razón de ser y cómo se puede lograr y demostrar su eficacia. Para ello, se sustentan casos en los cuales la Educación y el Entretenimiento relacionados a la comunicación social, han logrado cambios en actitudes y comportamientos de riesgo. En tales casos se han dado pasos en el cumplimiento de objetivos de desarrollo. Para finalizar, se determina la importancia de tener una base teórica y metodológica que dé soporte a las campañas sociales y sus productos.Palabras clave: desarrollo sostenible; educación; comunicación; entretenimiento. AbstractSocial advertising is an essential resource in the success of the goals and scopes of Well Living and, therefore, of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030. This paper analyzes its application, its meaning and how its efficacy could be achieved and confirmed. To this end, we present here cases in which education and entertainment, related to social communication, have achieved changes in attitudes and risk behaviors. In such cases, progress has been made in attaining development goals. Finally, we discuss the importance of having a theoretical and methodological basis that supports social campaigns and their products.Keywords: sustainable development; education; communication; entertainment. ResumoA publicidade social é uma ferramenta essencial no cumprimento das metas e diretrizes do Bem Viver e, portanto, dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio 2030. Neste trabalho, analisaremos a aplicação da publicidade social, sua razão de ser e como é possível lograr e demonstrar sua eficácia. Para tanto, apresentaremos casos nos quais a educação e o entretenimento relacionados à comunicação social, alcançaram transformar atitudes e comportamentos de risco. Nesses casos, foram obtidas conquistas em relação aos objetivos do milê-nio. Ao final do artigo, refletiremos sobre a importância de ferramentas teóricas e metodológicas como base para o desenvolvimento de campanhas sociais e seus produtos.Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento sustentável; educação; comunicação; entretenimento.

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Media Influences on Social Outcomes: The Impact of MTV's 16 and Pregnant on Teen Childbearing

Cited by 122 publications

References 26 publications

Intervention Now to Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement

Intervention Now to Eliminate Repeat Unintended Pregnancy in Teenagers (INTERUPT): a systematic review of intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and qualitative and realist synthesis of implementation factors and user engagement

Seeing is Believing: Religious Media Consumption and Public Opinion toward Same-Sex Relationships

El publicista social en la convergencia del Buen Vivir y los ODS

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