Media Framing and Policy Change After Columbine

Birkland, Thomas A.; Lawrence, Regina G.

doi:10.1177/0002764209332555

Cited by 172 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Framing techniques likely direct individuals to "focus on [certain] considerations when constructing their opinions," which in turn cause them to dismiss others (Druckman, 2001(Druckman, , p. 1042. As long as individuals and the media define a situation as a crisis, the situation will be established as a crisis (Crelinsten, 1994;Birkland & Lawrence, 2009). For example, Birkland (1997Birkland ( , 1998 argues that images of cleaning the Exxon spill were futile because there was no way that the effects of the disaster could be changed by the cleaning efforts.…”

Section: Revue Gouvernancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In what some call the "CNN effect," media can arguably influence foreign policy agendas of western governments, as well as the allocation of aid as related to public awareness (Robinson, 2002;Eisensee & Strömberg, 2007;Birkland & Lawrence, 2009). In their seminal work, Olsen, Carstensen, and Høyen (2003) demonstrate a correlation between the seconds of airtime on prime-time news for a particular disaster to generosity of the response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Not all Natural Disasters are Covered Equal: A Focus on Canadian Media

Mamuji¹,

Kchouk²

2018

gouvernance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When Canada launches a Matching Fund in response to natural disasters abroad, the federal government commits to match dollar-for-dollar donations made by the Canadian public to eligible charities participating in disaster-relief efforts. In this study, we used both quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyze Canadian news coverage in response to these humanitarian crises. We found that there was variance in media coverage depending on the nature of the natural disasters, namely whether the disasters were sudden-onset or slow-onset. Sudden-onset disasters not only benefited from more television airtime and print media, the content of coverage was characteristically different than slow-onset disasters.

show abstract

Section: Revue Gouvernancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not all Natural Disasters are Covered Equal: A Focus on Canadian Media

Mamuji¹,

Kchouk²

2018

gouvernance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Birkland (1997) explains that most bureaucratic and political actors believe that media coverage of dramatic events shape mass and elite opinion. The degree of attention received by a policy problem from political actors shapes successive steps of the policy process (Birkland and Lawrence 2009). The different nature of the natural disasters have also been found to affect intervention.…”

Section: Understanding Disaster-relief Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Donor Behaviour: Actors and Processes in Disaster-Relief Decision-Making

Mamuji¹

2017

gouvernance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two of the largest natural disasters that hit in 2010 were the January earthquake in Haiti and the flooding in Pakistan which followed seven months later. Unlike Canada’s disaster-relief intervention to the earthquake, the response to the Pakistan floods has been argued to be comparatively minimal relative to the extent of damage sustained. Through a series of interviews with bureaucrats affecting Canada’s disaster-relief responses in both 2010 disasters, this paper asks, who (and what) really determines the scope and magnitude of international disaster-relief interventions? Through the development and application of a multi-level conceptual framework, donor behaviour is said to be affected by each of macro-institutional, meso-contextual and micro-foundational factors. The findings highlight the determinative role of political actors in shaping humanitarian assistance decisions.

show abstract

“…The first point is so obvious it might be missed by way of its central importance; previous research makes it quite clear that governmental policy changes after large-scale events, such as Hurricane Katrina (Olshansky 2006, Birkland and Lawrence 2009, Boin, t'Hart et al 2009, Moynihan 2009), Fukushima (Wittneben 2012, Samuels 2013, Hurricane Andrew (Twigg 2012), the 9/11 terror attacks (Birkland 2006, Boin, 't Hart et al 2009, and the Columbine shootings (Birkland and Lawrence 2009). The research for this paper explores whether the Oslo terror attacks brought about drastic changes in Norway's societal safety and security.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Norway’s societal safety and security measures following the 2011 Oslo terror attacks

Nilsen

Albrechtsen

Nyheim³

2018

Safety Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper characterizes changes in Norway's civil protection and emergency preparedness five years after the Oslo and Utøya terror attacks. Data from 48 interviews conducted in the period 2014 to 2016 with civil servants within different levels of the justice sector were qualitatively analyzed. The inductive analysis shows four main changes made related to Norway's civil protection and emergency preparedness within the Ministry of Justice and Public Security: 1) a change in risk perception regarding awareness of security-related risks; 2) the generation of several plans and measures; 3) structural changes at various levels within the justice sector; and 4) increased resources allocated to societal safety and security. The changes following the Oslo terror attacks were not solely in response to the terror attacks, but also the result of previous and subsequent events and reports. The current organization of public administration, however, still fosters siloed thinking and turf wars around the principle of responsibility and each sector's respective area of expertise. Most of the implemented changes can be characterized as structural; diagnoses made after the terror attacks pointed at cultural aspects. IntroductionIn the post-war era, Norway has been fortunate in facing only a handful of large-scale crises and terror-related events (Rykkja, Laegreid et al. 2011). As a result, a fairly untroubled society has been able to attend primarily to the welfare of its inhabitants (Kuhnle 2000, Wollebaek et al. 2012). On July 22, 2011, the nation was shocked when an armed right-wing extremist single-handedly bombed the Government Complex in Oslo and thereafter shot young political aspirants attending a youth camp on the island of Utøya. In total, 77 people were killed during these terror attacks.The aftermath of disasters and national crises represent an opportune time to examine governmental strategies for civil protection and emergency preparedness (Birkmann, Buckle et al. 2010). They provide a moment for self-reflection and a chance to learn from previous mistakes and weaknesses in the governmental system. Changes are usually implemented to demonstrate handling capacity or rectify specific gaps in the system (March and Olson 1983). Lessons learned are ideally applied to a broad context, where the knowledge gained is used to address not only the specific problem but also other issues that may arise from these inadequacies.Nevertheless, in these situations, society also often shows an inclination toward morality plays and blame games (Boin, Hart et al. 2006). A focusing event, such as a terror attack, often leads to excessive fixation on solving the specific problem brought to light by the event (Birkland 2006). Leaders feel pressured to take charge and prevent a similar crisis, and they risk overreacting by way of regulation or other actions and measures in response to the event (de Ridder and Reinders 2014, van Tol 2016). This spontaneous reaction is in part due to media coverage or "mediazation" (Helsloot, Boi...

show abstract

Media Framing and Policy Change After Columbine

Cited by 172 publications

References 17 publications

Not all Natural Disasters are Covered Equal: A Focus on Canadian Media

Not all Natural Disasters are Covered Equal: A Focus on Canadian Media

Understanding Donor Behaviour: Actors and Processes in Disaster-Relief Decision-Making

Changes in Norway’s societal safety and security measures following the 2011 Oslo terror attacks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About