Mechanosensitivity is an essential component of phototransduction in vertebrate rods

Bocchero, Ulisse; Falleroni, Fabio; Mortal, Simone; Li, Yunzhen; Cojoc, Dan; Lamb, Trevor D; Torre, Vincent

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000750

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Past studies have shown that rods, under strong illumination, expand, or shrink in length by few micrometers (Hardie and Franze, 2012;Lu et al, 2018), which indicates the existence of mechanical machinery within rod cells. Using OT, Bocchero et al (2020) have therefore confirmed this hypothesis.…”

Section: Communication Modalities Of Neuronssupporting

confidence: 53%

Optical Tweezers Exploring Neuroscience

Lenton

Scott

Rubinsztein‐Dunlop

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Over the past decade, optical tweezers (OT) have been increasingly used in neuroscience for studies of molecules and neuronal dynamics, as well as for the study of model organisms as a whole. Compared to other areas of biology, it has taken much longer for OT to become an established tool in neuroscience. This is, in part, due to the complexity of the brain and the inherent difficulties in trapping individual molecules or manipulating cells located deep within biological tissue. Recent advances in OT, as well as parallel developments in imaging and adaptive optics, have significantly extended the capabilities of OT. In this review, we describe how OT became an established tool in neuroscience and we elaborate on possible future directions for the field. Rather than covering all applications of OT to neurons or related proteins and molecules, we focus our discussions on studies that provide crucial information to neuroscience, such as neuron dynamics, growth, and communication, as these studies have revealed meaningful information and provide direction for the field into the future.

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Section: Communication Modalities Of Neuronssupporting

confidence: 53%

Optical Tweezers Exploring Neuroscience

Lenton

Scott

Rubinsztein‐Dunlop

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…This study does not include all the MSCs found in the outer retina. The rod IS also expresses Piezo1 and TRP canonical 1 (TRPC1) [ 119 , 120 ]. Piezo1 in the dorsal root ganglion neurons mediates rapidly adapting mechanically induced cation currents, which reverse around 10 mV [ 121 , 122 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generators of Pressure-Evoked Currents in Vertebrate Outer Retinal Neurons

Pang

2021

Cells

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(1) Background: High-tension glaucoma damages the peripheral vision dominated by rods. How mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) in the outer retina mediate pressure responses is unclear. (2) Methods: Immunocytochemistry, patch clamp, and channel fluorescence were used to study MSCs in salamander photoreceptors. (3) Results: Immunoreactivity of transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) was revealed in the outer plexiform layer, K+ channel TRAAK in the photoreceptor outer segment (OS), and TRPV2 in some rod OS disks. Pressure on the rod inner segment evoked sustained currents of three components: A) the inward current at <−50 mV (Ipi), sensitive to Co2+; B) leak outward current at ³−80 mV (Ipo), sensitive to intracellular Cs+ and ruthenium red; and C) cation current reversed at ~10 mV (Ipc). Hypotonicity induced slow currents like Ipc. Environmental pressure and light increased the FM 1-43-identified open MSCs in the OS membrane, while pressure on the OS with internal Cs+ closed a Ca2+-dependent current reversed at ~0 mV. Rod photocurrents were thermosensitive and affected by MSC blockers. (4) Conclusions: Rods possess depolarizing (TRPV) and hyperpolarizing (K+) MSCs, which mediate mutually compensating currents between −50 mV and 10 mV, serve as an electrical cushion to minimize the impact of ocular mechanical stress.

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“…Lastly, we note that recent work has shown that human cones ( 45 ) and vertebrate rod-photoreceptors ( 46 ) contract photomechanically, comparable to Drosophila photoreceptor microsaccades ( 3, 4 ). It will be interesting to see whether these microsaccades increase visual acuity and participate in stereo vision and whether high-intensity X-rays also activate them ( 8–10 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Binocular Mirror-Symmetric Microsaccadic Sampling EnablesDrosophilaHyperacute 3D-Vision

Kemppainen

Scales

Haghighi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Neural mechanisms behind stereopsis, which requires simultaneous disparity inputs from two eyes, have remained mysterious. Here we show how ultrafast mirror-symmetric photomechanical contractions in the frontal forward-facing left and right eye photoreceptors give Drosophila super-resolution 3D-vision. By interlinking multiscale in vivo assays with multiscale simulations, we reveal how these photoreceptor microsaccades - by verging, diverging and narrowing the eyes' overlapping receptive fields - channel depth information, as phasic binocular image motion disparity signals in time. We further show how peripherally, outside stereopsis, microsaccadic sampling tracks a forward flying fly's optic flow field to better resolve the world in motion. These results change our understanding of how insect compound eyes work and suggest a general dynamic stereo-information sampling strategy for animals, robots and sensors.

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Mechanosensitivity is an essential component of phototransduction in vertebrate rods

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Optical Tweezers Exploring Neuroscience

Optical Tweezers Exploring Neuroscience

Generators of Pressure-Evoked Currents in Vertebrate Outer Retinal Neurons

Binocular Mirror-Symmetric Microsaccadic Sampling EnablesDrosophilaHyperacute 3D-Vision

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