Mechanosensitive molecular interactions in atherogenic regions of the arteries: development of atherosclerosis

Abstract

A terrible disease of the cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, develops in the areas of bends and branches of arteries, where the direction and modulus of the blood flow velocity vector change, and consequently so does the mechanical effect on endothelial cells in contact with the blood flow. The review focuses on topical research studies on the development of atherosclerosis – mechanobiochemical events that transform the proatherogenic mechanical stimulus of blood flow – low and low/oscillatory arterial wall shear stress in the chains of biochemical reactions in endothelial cells, leading to the expression of specific proteins that cause the progression of the pathological process. The stages of atherogenesis, systemic risk factors for atherogenesis and its important hemodynamic factor, low and low/oscillatory wall shear stress exerted by blood flow on the endothelial cells lining the arterial walls, have been described. The interactions of cell adhesion molecules responsible for the development of atherosclerosis under low and low/oscillating shear stress conditions have been demonstrated. The activation of the regulator of the expression of cell adhesion molecules, the transcription factor NF­κB, and the factors regulating its activation under these conditions have been described. Mechanosensitive signaling pathways leading to the expression of NF­κB in endothelial cells have been described. Studies of the mechanobiochemical signaling pathways and interactions involved in the progression of atherosclerosis provide valuable information for the development of approaches that delay or block the development of this disease.

812 BGRS/SB-2022 The current status of mechanosensitive molecular interactions in atherogenic regions of the arteries: development of atherosclerosis

“…The aim of this work focuses on topical researches on the development of atherosclerosis -mechanobiochemical events that transform the pro-atherogenic mechanical stimulus of blood flow -low and low/oscillatory arterial wall shear stress in the chains of biochemical reactions in endothelial cells, leading to the expression of specific proteins that cause the progression of the pathological process. Results: The stages of atherogenesis, systemic risk factors for atherogenesis and its important hemodynamic factor -low and low/oscillatory wall shear stress exerted by blood flow on the endothelial cells lining the arterial walls, interactions of cell adhesion molecules responsible for the development of atherosclerosis under low and low/oscillatory wall shear stress conditions, activation of the regulator of the expression of cell adhesion molecules, the transcription factor NF-κB and the factors regulating its activation under these conditions, mechanosensitive signaling pathways leading to the expression of NF-κB in endothelial cells have been analyzed [2]. Conclusion: Studies of the mechanobiochemical signaling pathways and interactions involved in the progression of atherosclerosis provide valuable information for the development of approaches that delay or block the development of this disease.…”

Flow-Responsive Noncoding RNAs in the Vascular System: Basic Mechanisms for the Clinician

“…In fact, increasing evidence now indicates that fluid shear stress (FSS), induced by blood flow, is an essential factor promoting intracellular biochemical signals, and its role in physiological and pathological vascular remodeling has received increasing attention. For example, the observation that flow-mediated hemodynamic forces modulate signaling pathways within several vascular cell types through mechano-transduction has fostered a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes underlying atherosclerosis [7][8][9][10]. Among vascular cell populations, endothelial cells (ECs) are perhaps the most sensitive to flow variations.…”