Mechanosensitive membrane proteins: Usual and unusual suspects in mediating mechanotransduction

Goodman, Miriam B.; Haswell, Elizabeth S.; Vásquez, Valeria

doi:10.1085/jgp.202213248

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…479,480 Compressing the rubber tube by 70% increased the erythrocyte glycolytic flux by ≈80% (Figure 9B). 127,481,482 The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 controls erythrocyte volume 308,483 and glycolytic flux via the influx of Ca 2+ that, in turn, stimulates the Ca 2+ -ATPase increasing ATP consumption and glycolysis, which is facilitated by reducing the inhibition of hexokinase. 127,481,484 Failure to increase erythrocyte glycolytic flux can impair deformability, potentially leading to eryptosis or increased shear stress on the capillary walls that can damage the endothelium, ultimately decreasing blood flow and oxygen transport to the tissues.…”

Section: Box 2 Erythrocyte By Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrocyte metabolism

Chatzinikolaou,

Margaritelis,

Paschalis

et al. 2024

Acta Physiologica

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Our aim is to present an updated overview of the erythrocyte metabolism highlighting its richness and complexity. We have manually collected and connected the available biochemical pathways and integrated them into a functional metabolic map. The focus of this map is on the main biochemical pathways consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, redox metabolism, oxygen metabolism, purine/nucleoside metabolism, and membrane transport. Other recently emerging pathways are also curated, like the methionine salvage pathway, the glyoxalase system, carnitine metabolism, and the lands cycle, as well as remnants of the carboxylic acid metabolism. An additional goal of this review is to present the dynamics of erythrocyte metabolism, providing key numbers used to perform basic quantitative analyses. By synthesizing experimental and computational data, we conclude that glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and redox metabolism are the foundations of erythrocyte metabolism. Additionally, the erythrocyte can sense oxygen levels and oxidative stress adjusting its mechanics, metabolism, and function. In conclusion, fine‐tuning of erythrocyte metabolism controls one of the most important biological processes, that is, oxygen loading, transport, and delivery.

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Section: Box 2 Erythrocyte By Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythrocyte metabolism

Chatzinikolaou,

Margaritelis,

Paschalis

et al. 2024

Acta Physiologica

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“…Such directed transport of intraocular fluid from the anterior to posterior cortical layers of crystalline lens and further into the vitreous body has been proven by experimental studies [13][14][15][16]. Mechanosensitive aquaporins are of particular importance in the transport and exchange of intraocular fluid in the eye [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of transmembrane proteins that function as water channels.…”

Section: Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controversial Issues of the Mechanism of Crystalline Lens Accommodation and the Rationale the Hydraulic Component in its Implementation

Kornilovskiy

2023

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Purpose: To consider controversial issues of the mechanism of crystalline lens accommodation and to justify the hydraulic component in its implementation. Materials and Methods: Theories of the mechanism of accommodation and its assessment according to ultrasound biomicroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging and optical coherence tomography were analyzed. For the first time, the features of accommodative activation of intraocular fluid exchange in the closed hydrostatic system of the lens with the participation of mechanosensitive aquaporins were considered. When substantiating the hydraulic component in the mechanism of the crystalline lens accommodation, special emphasis was placed on the rapid decrease in pressure in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye during contraction of the meridional portion of the ciliary muscle. Results: Analysis of various theories of accommodation has shown that mechanism of the crystalline lens its implementation continues to be discussed to this day. For the first time, the lens was considered as a unique closed hydrostatic system in which the pressure level is established through ultrafiltration and diffusion of intraocular fluid with the participation of aquaporins. Aquaporins form ion channels in the capsule, cuboidal epithelial cells, lens fibers and are mechanosensitive receptor proteins. The opening and closing of ion channels regulates the potassium-sodium pump, directed transport and exchange of intraocular fluid in the lens. The hydrostatic balance between the pressure in the crystalline lens and the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye is ensured by the crystalline lens capsule. The capsular bag of the crystalline lens can be considered as a curved diaphragm that separates two hydrostatic systems with different levels of pressure. Due to the hydrostatic buffering effect, the IOP level does not affect the crystalline lens, but it responds to a rapid decrease. This decrease in pressure in the anterior and posterior chambers is realized through the tension of the scleral spur by the meridional portion of the ciliary muscle and the activation of the valve mechanism of the scleral sinus. The greater the decrease in pressure, the more convex the crystalline lens takes on and increases its refraction. Conclusion: The presence of a hydraulic component in the mechanism of crystalline lens accommodation allows us to understand how the contraction of the small ciliary muscle can change the shape and refractive power of the large crystalline lens.

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“…Like hearing 3 , balance, and proprioception, touch is initiated by mechanosensory receptor cells 4,5,6 . Mechanosensitive membrane proteins 7,8 , 9 are known to be essential for tissue development, cellular motion, osmotic homeostasis, and sensing external and self-generated mechanical cues like those responsible for touch and proprioception. These cells contain mechanotransduction channels (such as PIEZO) 10,11,12 , which convert physical stimuli to membrane potential changes, called receptor potentials, that trigger neuronal action potential spikes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of TELC model to neuroscience: Better elucidation for neural stimulation by touch

Lee

2024

Preprint

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The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was recently awarded to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian “for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”. It is well established that touch receptors (PIEZO) provide sensory inputs to inform the brain about objects in our environment. However, exactly how the transient ion transport activity of touch receptors could stimulate action potential firing seems still not entirely clear. In this article, the latest transmembrane-electrostatically localized protons/cations charges (TELC) theory is employed to better understand neural stimulation and action potential that we have recently identified as the voltage contributed by TELC at a neural liquid-membrane interface in a neural cell. The TELC density at the resting membrane potential of −70 mV is now calculated to be 3900 (protons + cations) per μm2 on extracellular membrane surface. At the stimulation threshold level (−55 mV), the TELC density is calculated to be 3100 (protons + cations) per μm2. Accordingly, the neural stimulation by touch can now be better understood by analyzing PIEZO ion conduction and TELC activity. The response time from PIEZO channel ion conduction activities to reduce the TELC density to the stimulation level of 3100 TELC per μm2 for action potential firing was calculated for the first time. The activities of a single or a few PIEZO channels may be sufficient to generate a “graded potential” to trigger an action potential spike firing. With a high number (200~300) of PIEZO channels activated by touch, it can generate the required “graded potential” to reach the stimulation threshold level (−55 mV) within 0.3 ms. Real-time action potential (Vt) with PIEZO mechanically-activated stimulation by touch is now, mathematically explained through a novel integral equation (Vt=-1/C ∫0t I(t)dt+ V0) of the net time-dependent transmembrane ion current I(t), which is fundamentally important to neuroscience.

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Mechanosensitive membrane proteins: Usual and unusual suspects in mediating mechanotransduction

Cited by 10 publications

References 165 publications

Erythrocyte metabolism

Erythrocyte metabolism

Controversial Issues of the Mechanism of Crystalline Lens Accommodation and the Rationale the Hydraulic Component in its Implementation

Application of TELC model to neuroscience: Better elucidation for neural stimulation by touch

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