Mechanosensing and Plant Growth Regulators Elicited During the Thigmomorphogenetic Response

Telewski, Frank W.

doi:10.3389/ffgc.2020.574096

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Thus, it can be assumed that epidermal cell death results from damage to the pellicle, caused by the mechanical stress created when the apex breaks through the tube. However, it is necessary to mention that the death of epidermal cells may be a more complex process regulated by ethylene [ 32 ], which is produced in response to various environmental stresses [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pellicle–Another Strategy of the Root Apex Protection against Mechanical Stress?

Potocka

Szymanowska-Pułka

2021

IJMS

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In grasses, the apical part of the root is covered by a two-layered deposit of extracellular material, the pellicle, which together with the outer periclinal wall of protodermal cells forms the three-layered epidermal surface. In this study, the effect of mechanical stress on the pellicle was examined. An experiment was performed, in which maize roots were grown in narrow diameter plastic tubes with conical endings for 24 h. Two groups of experimental roots were included in the analysis: stressed (S) roots, whose tips did not grow out of the tubes, and recovering (R) roots, whose apices grew out of the tube. Control (C) roots grew freely between the layers of moist filter paper. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy analysis revealed microdamage in all the layers of the epidermal surface of S roots, however, protodermal cells in the meristematic zone remained viable. The outermost pellicle layer was twice as thick as in C roots. In R roots, large areas of dead cells were observed between the meristematic zone and the transition zone. The pellicle was defective with a discontinuous and irregular outermost layer. In the meristematic zone the pellicle was undamaged and the protodermal cells were intact. The results lead to the conclusion that the pellicle may prevent damage to protodermal cells, thus protecting the root apical meristem from the negative effects of mechano-stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pellicle–Another Strategy of the Root Apex Protection against Mechanical Stress?

Potocka

Szymanowska-Pułka

2021

IJMS

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“…Koch et al (2004) noted that the tallest trees occur in locations with abundant soil moisture and shelter from strong winds. Trees can sense mechanical perturbation (Jaffe 1973, Telewski 2021) causing the opposite effect on internode elongation than the phytochrome shade avoidance mechanism. The possible sheltering effect of neighboring trees was demonstrated by Jacobs (1954) who found that guying P. radiata trees increased the height growth compared to similar trees allowed to sway naturally.…”

Section: Mode Of Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that trees do not shift carbon allocation from stem support to foliage under competition

Dean

Harrington

D’Amato

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Do trees adjust support costs to the stem in order to maintain or boost allocation to foliage to compete for light? This question was addressed with data collected from three, long-term studies investigating the growth effects of controlled levels of competition for Alnus rubra, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus resinosa. Costs and benefits of marginal height were defined as the stem volume and foliage added when trees grew 1 m in height, respectively. Effects of competition effects on the distribution of these variables within tree populations were evaluated with growth dominance indexes (Gdv/dh and GdAl/dv, respectively). Competition effects on the distribution of relative height growth (Gdg) were also evaluated to verify mode of competition. The hypothesized simple tradeoff between marginal height cost and marginal height benefit was not supported with these data. Instead, Gdv/dh and GdAl/dh were linearly related for all three species. The values of Gdh were generally positive for all species supporting asymmetric competition within these plots. The strength of support for this hypothesis varied by species, however, with the shade intolerant A. rubra providing the strongest support and the more shade tolerant P. menziesii providing the least support. The age-adjusted values of P. menziesii of Gdh were only significantly greater than zero in the unthinned, control plots. The results suggest that competition effects on marginal height benefit translate to marginal height cost through biomechanical relationships between crown size and structure and stem dimensions. Competitive effects on stand dynamics can therefore be linked to a basic tree morphology that scales with height. Realized additions of stem volume and foliage per growing season are subsequently determined by the distribution of relative height growth.

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“…The characteristics of near-ground wind fields are important physical site factors that contribute to the development and survival of trees and forests [1,2]. Local wind fields affect trees' physiological, morphological, and biomechanical adaptations to their atmospheric environment [2][3][4][5][6]. However, information on above-and below-canopy wind characteristics is limited because the standard weather stations operated in the networks of the national weather services are located outside forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the duration and intensity of local wind loading on trees, a distinction is made between chronic and acute wind loading. Chronic wind loading is defined as the long-term effect of continuous, non-destructive wind action on trees that causes adaptations to site-specific airflow conditions [4,6,13]. Obvious morphological adaptations of trees include reduction in height growth [15], increase in radial growth [6,16], and tree crown deformations [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic wind loading is defined as the long-term effect of continuous, non-destructive wind action on trees that causes adaptations to site-specific airflow conditions [4,6,13]. Obvious morphological adaptations of trees include reduction in height growth [15], increase in radial growth [6,16], and tree crown deformations [17]. Biomechanical adaptations modify wood properties such as the modulus of elasticity [18][19][20] that are probably adaptations to make the wood more pliable and able to absorb more bending energy under wind loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Potential of Using Air Pressure Fluctuations to Estimate Wind-Induced Tree Motion in a Planted Scots Pine Forest

Kolbe

Mohr

Maier³

et al. 2022

Forests

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This paper reports statistical relationships between measured airflow, air pressure fluctuations, and the wind-induced motion of planted Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.). The results presented illustrate the potential of low-cost, ground-based air pressure measurements for monitoring wind-induced tree response. It is suggested that air pressure fluctuations can be used as surrogate information for above-canopy airflow, often used to estimate wind loads on forest trees. We demonstrate that air pressure fluctuations can be measured representatively at the forest floor and correlate very well with wind speed and direction at mean canopy-top (18 m a.g.l.) and above the 18 m high, 56-year-old forest. Their strong correlation (coefficient of determination R2 > 0.77) allows a good approximation of airflow conditions above the canopy, and, with some limitations, in the below-canopy space. Air pressure fluctuations also correlate very well with wind-induced tree motion with a similar correlation to that between wind speed and tree motion. Furthermore, the main directions of wind-induced tree motion agree very well with the propagation direction of air pressure waves. Above-canopy airflow measurements in forests with a large vertical extent are rare, and often require tall wind measurement towers. Therefore, we consider the estimation of airflow conditions over forests using ground-based air pressure measurements a promising option for monitoring the airflow conditions of relevance for predicting wind-induced tree response over large areas using a minimum of measurement infrastructure.

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Mechanosensing and Plant Growth Regulators Elicited During the Thigmomorphogenetic Response

Cited by 18 publications

References 100 publications

The Pellicle–Another Strategy of the Root Apex Protection against Mechanical Stress?

The Pellicle–Another Strategy of the Root Apex Protection against Mechanical Stress?

Evidence that trees do not shift carbon allocation from stem support to foliage under competition

On the Potential of Using Air Pressure Fluctuations to Estimate Wind-Induced Tree Motion in a Planted Scots Pine Forest

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