Mechanoredox/Nickel Co-Catalyzed Cross Electrophile Coupling of Benzotriazinones with Alkyl (Pseudo)halides

Abstract

An air-tolerant mechanoredox/nickel cocatalyzed cross electrophile coupling of benzotriazinones with alkyl (pseudo)­halides is developed by liquid-assisting grinding in the presence of manganese powders and strontium titanate as a reductant and a cocatalyst, respectively. Mechanical activation of metal surfaces via ball milling eliminates the chemical activator for manganese, while mechanoredox cocatalysis of strontium titanate remarkably improves the aryl/alkyl cross electrophile coupling via piezoelectricity-mediated radical generation from alkyl halides. Both benzotriazinones and alkyl (pseudo)­halides display reactivities in the mechanoredox/nickel cocatalysis different from those of conventional thermal chemistry in solution. The scope of the reaction is demonstrated with 26 examples, showing a high chemoselectivity of bromides vs chlorides.