Mechanoreceptors of the Proximal Stomach and Perception of Gastric Distension

Carmagnola, S.; Cantù, P.; Penagini, Roberto

doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41350.x

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Studies in humans have shown that changes in gastric muscle tone evoked by glucagon or erythromycin do not markedly affect the sensation of fullness evoked by a distension of fixed volume 155 . This finding suggests that volume, rather than pressure or wall tension, is sensed by afferents that mediate fullness.…”

Section: Extrinsic Afferent Pathways and Sensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding suggests that volume, rather than pressure or wall tension, is sensed by afferents that mediate fullness. 155 It has been argued, on the basis of anatomical considerations, that there must be specialized volume receptors in the stomach that encode distension, largely independent of wall tension or pressure. However, to date, electrophysiological studies have failed to record specific length-sensitive extrinsic afferents.…”

Section: Extrinsic Afferent Pathways and Sensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Brookes

Spencer

Costa

et al. 2013

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

242

216

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Visceral sensory neurons activate reflex pathways that control gut function and also give rise to important sensations, such as fullness, bloating, nausea, discomfort, urgency and pain. Sensory neurons are organised into three distinct anatomical pathways to the central nervous system (vagal, thoracolumbar and lumbosacral). Although remarkable progress has been made in characterizing the roles of many ion channels, receptors, and second messengers in visceral sensory neurons, the basic aim of understanding how many classes there are, and how they differ, has proven difficult to achieve. We suggest that there are just five structurally distinct types of sensory endings in the gut wall that account for essentially all of the primary afferent neurons in the three pathways. Each of these five major structural types of endings seems to show distinctive combinations of physiological responses. These types are: 'intraganglionic laminar' endings in myenteric ganglia; 'mucosal' endings located in the subepithelial layer; 'muscular mucosal' afferents, with mechanosensitive endings close to the muscularis mucosae; 'intramuscular' endings, with endings within the smooth muscle layers; and 'vascular' afferents, with sensitive endings primarily on blood vessels. 'Silent' afferents might be a subset of inexcitable 'vascular' afferents, which can be switched on by inflammatory mediators.Extrinsic sensory neurons comprise an attractive focus for targeted therapeutic intervention in a range of gastrointestinal disorders.2

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Section: Extrinsic Afferent Pathways and Sensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extrinsic Afferent Pathways and Sensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Brookes

Spencer

Costa

et al. 2013

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

242

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to the simplified law of Laplace, increased intragastric pressure will be associated with increased wall tension for the same intragastric volume. Studies using isovolumetric and isobaric gastric distensions indicate that gastric wall tension receptors may be most relevant for mediating distension‐induced sensation 53, 54 . In fact, by using a tensostat that keeps an intragastric bag at a constant tension (calculated according to the simplified Laplace’s law) it was shown that sensations from the proximal stomach depend on gastric wall tension, whereas intragastric volume and expansion seem less relevant 55 …”

Section: Satiation During Food Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: the role of gastric motility in the control of food intake

Janssen

Berghe

Verschueren

et al. 2011

Alimentary Pharmacology &Amp; Therapeutics

280

246

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“…As the gastric wall undergoes receptive relaxation or accommodates, the smooth muscle fibers relax and lengthen, thus increasing the circumference of the organ so that the volume of ingested material is accepted and stored temporarily, with minimal to no change in tension. Stretch and tension not only are uncoupled in this situation, the two forces can actually independently affect different perceptions and responses (see, e.g., Notivol et al, 1995;Penagini et al, 2004;Carmagnola et al, 2005).Similarly, in the case of the antrum, with its adaptations for triturating and emptying digesta into the duodenal bulb, tension and stretch can be uncorrelated. Because gastric contents vary in consistency, they can vary in the resistance or tension that they generate, while the circumference of the antral lumen (i.e., stretch or length of the muscle sheets) does not necessarily covary.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagal Intramuscular Arrays: The Specialized Mechanoreceptor Arbors That Innervate the Smooth Muscle Layers of the Stomach Examined in the Rat

Powley

Hudson

McAdams

et al. 2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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The fundamental roles that the stomach plays in ingestion and digestion notwithstanding, little morphological information is available on vagal intramuscular arrays (IMAs), the afferents that innervate gastric smooth muscle. To characterize IMAs better, rats were given injections of dextran biotin in the nodose ganglia, and, after tracer transport, stomach whole mounts were collected. Specimens were processed for avidin-biotin permanent labeling, and subsets of the whole mounts were immunohistochemically processed for c-Kit or stained with cuprolinic blue. IMAs (n = 184) were digitized for morphometry and mapping. Throughout the gastric muscle wall, IMAs possessed common phenotypic features. Each IMA was generated by a parent neurite arborizing extensively, forming an array of multiple (mean = 212) branches averaging 193 μm in length. These branches paralleled, and coursed in apposition with, bundles of muscle fibers and interstitial cells of Cajal. Individual arrays averaged 4.3 mm in length and innervated volumes of muscle sheet, presumptive receptive fields, averaging 0.1 mm 3 . Evaluated by region and by muscle sheet, IMAs displayed architectural adaptations to the different loci. A subset (32%) of circular muscle IMAs issued specialized polymorphic collaterals to myenteric ganglia, and a subset (41%) of antral longitudinal muscle IMAs formed specialized net endings associated with the serosal boundary. IMAs were concentrated in regional patterns that correlated with the unique biomechanical adaptations of the stomach, specifically proximal stomach reservoir functions and antral emptying operations. Overall, the structural adaptations and distributions of the IMAs were consonant with the hypothesized stretch receptor roles of the afferents. INDEXING TERMSantrum; corpus; forestomach; nodose; vagus; visceral afferent; RRID:AB_354750; RRID:nif-0000-10294 HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptThe extrinsic innervation of the stomach has not been fully characterized. In spite of the critical roles that the stomach plays in controlling both ingestion and digestion, the vagal sensory projections to the gastric wall are among the elements that have been less thoroughly described. The lack of such basic information is paradoxical in view of the fact that major gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as gastroparesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and obesity are currently treated with gastric interventions predicated only on incomplete descriptions of stomach innervation. To address, in part, the relative lack of information available for the extrinsic sensory projections to the stomach, specifically the dearth of details on the recently discovered vagal afferent endings called intramuscular arrays (IMAs), the present experiment inventories and characterizes more fully these afferents that innervate smooth muscle fibers in the gastric wall.Traditionally, the vagus, the nerve supplying the bulk of the nonnociceptive extrinsic innervation of the stomach (Iggo,...

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Mechanoreceptors of the Proximal Stomach and Perception of Gastric Distension

Abstract: Our data do not support a prominent role of tension receptors of the proximal stomach on perception of fullness, suggesting that stretch, that is, volume, is the more relevant stimulus.

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Extrinsic primary afferent signalling in the gut

Review article: the role of gastric motility in the control of food intake

Vagal Intramuscular Arrays: The Specialized Mechanoreceptor Arbors That Innervate the Smooth Muscle Layers of the Stomach Examined in the Rat

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