“…Anatomical studies demonstrate that ligaments in the extremity joints and the spine are endowed with mechanoreceptors consisting of: Pancinian, Golgi, Ruffini and bare nerve endings (Burgess and Clark, 1969;Freeman and Wyke, 1967a, b;Gardner, 1944;Guanche et al, 1995;Halata et al, 1985;Jackson et al, 1966;Mountcastle, 1974;Petrie et al, 1998Petrie et al, , 1997Polacek, 1966;Proske et al, 1988;Schulz et al, 1984;Sjölander, 1989;Skoglund, 1956;Solomonow et al, 1996;Wyke, 1981;Yahia and Newman, 1991;Zimney and Wink, 1991). The presence of such afferents in the ligaments confirms that they contribute to proprioception and kinesthesia and may also have a distinct role in reflex activation or inhibition of muscular activities.…”