Mechanoluminescence materials for advanced artificial skin

Wang, Chunfeng; Peng, Dengfeng; Pan, Caofeng

doi:10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.034

Cited by 66 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Notably, the features of remote sensing and stress distribution imaging in ML-based stress sensing technology are expected to provide a breakthrough for the development of electronic skin and wearable devices. [246][247] The idea of adopting ML films as artificial skin was proposed by Xu et al in 1999. They demonstrated the detection of applied stress remotely by visible light emission from a composite film containing SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ particles.…”

Section: Electronic Skin and Wearable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanoluminescence Rebrightening the Prospects of Stress Sensing: A Review

2021

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Mechanoluminescence (ML) is the emission of light when a solid material is subjected to stress. [8][9] The intensity of the ML shows a strong correlation with the applied stress, making it suitable for stress sensing. ML stress sensing is based on a unique transduction principle from stress to photons, which paves the way for advanced stress sensing. In particular, ML-based sensing shows significant advantages of distributed detection and remote response to an applied stress by virtue of photon transmission through space. In addition, excellent stretchability, biocompatibility, and self-powering ability can be achieved within the stress-tophoton transduction units since electronic conduction is not needed. Importantly, ML-based sensing enables compensation of the shortcomings of conventional sensing technologies for emerging applications. Considering the many extraordinary performance characteristics, ML may hopefully rebrighten the prospects of stress sensing.Over the past few decades, ML materials and ML-based stress sensing have been extensively studied. Great efforts have been made to develop a large number of ML materials, deeply understand the ML mechanism, and boost the potential for stress sensing applications. Several review papers have been devoted to ML and its applications. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Bunzil and Wong summarized ML materials and stress sensors based on lanthanide compounds. [10] Xie and Li surveyed the progress in ML compounds with a focus on fractoluminescence. [11] An overview of inorganic ML compounds was presented by Feng and Smet, which particularly provides deep insight into the crystal structures and their relation to ML. [12] Additionally, Zhang et al. reviewed inorganic ML compounds, concentrating on their compositions, preparation, characterizations, mechanisms, and applications. [13] However, compared with materials and mechanisms, less attention has been paid to the technical performance of ML-based stress sensing and its relevance to applications. Obviously, reasonable analyses of the up-to-date performance are beneficial for properly assessing the potential for future applications.In this paper, we start with a brief overview of the desired performance characteristics of advanced stress sensing for several new applications (Section 2). The state-of-arts and challenges are highlighted. In Section 3, ML materials, ML-based sensors, and technical features will be discussed in an attempt to comprehensively evaluate ML-based sensing technology andThe emergence of new applications, such as in artificial intelligence, the internet of things, and biotechnology, has driven the evolution of stress sensing technology. For these emerging applications, stretchability, remoteness, stress distribution, a multimodal nature, and biocompatibility are important performance characteristics of stress sensors. Mechanoluminescence (ML)-based stress sensing has attracted widespread attention because of its characteristics of remoteness and having a distributed response to mechanical stimuli...

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Section: Electronic Skin and Wearable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanoluminescence Rebrightening the Prospects of Stress Sensing: A Review

2021

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“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] Generally, the concentration and distribution of traps are critical for determining the ML performance. [23][24][25][26] ML materials can be divided into two categories: phosphors that require UV stimulation (non-self-recoverable) and those that do not need such stimulation for ML (self-recoverable). At present, self-recoverable ML has only been reported in the Mn 2+ /Cu + -doped ZnS phosphor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Recoverable Mechanically Induced Instant Luminescence from Cr³⁺‐Doped LiGa₅O₈

Xiong

Huang

Peng

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Currently, most of the mechanoluminescence (ML) phosphors strongly depend on postirradiation stimulation using ultraviolet light (denoted as “UV exposure” from hereon) to show the ML. However, only a few transition metal cations are proven to be effective luminescence centers, which hinder the development of more ML phosphors. This study reports a self‐recoverable deep‐red‐to‐near‐infrared ML using Cr3+‐doped LiGa5O8 phosphor with fully recoverable ML performance. The ML performance can be further optimized by tuning the trap redistributions by codoping the phosphor with Al3+ and Cr3+ cations. Theoretical calculations reveal the important role of Cr dopants in the modulation of local electronic environments for achieving the ML. Owing to the induced interelectronic levels and shallow electron trap distributions, the electron recombination efficiency is enhanced both through direct tunneling and energy transfer toward the dopant levels. Moreover, the ML of Cr3+‐doped LiGa5O8 can penetrate a 2‐mm‐thick pork slice, showing that it can have wide‐ranging in vivo applications, including the optical imaging of intracorporal stress/strain distribution and dynamics. Therefore, this work fabricates a novel ML material with self‐recoverable luminescence in an extended wavelength range, increasing the number of potential ML candidates and promoting the fundamental understanding and practical applications of ML materials.

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“…During the past decades, mechanoluminescent materials with the capability of converting mechanical energy to light emission are attracting more and more attention for their potential applications in stress sensing, anti-counterfeiting, display, structure fatigue diagnosis, and flexible optoelectronics (Chandra and Chandra, 2011 ; Jeong et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Wang C. et al, 2019 ; Wang X. et al, 2019 ; Zuo et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). On the other hand, almost immediately after the discovery of X-rays, people started eagerly to find efficient X-ray phosphors or scintillators that absorb X-ray and emit light (Blasse, 1994 ; Büchele et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Lian et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescence in Manganese (II)-Doped SrZn2S2O Crystals From Multiple Energy Conversion

Mao

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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Under the excitation of ultraviolet, X-ray, and mechanical stress, intense orange luminescence (Mn 2+ , 4 T 1 → 6 A 1) can be generated in Mn 2+-doped SrZn 2 S 2 O crystal in orthorhombic space group of Pmn2 1. Herein, the multiple energy conversion in SrZn 2 S 2 O:Mn 2+ , that is, photoluminescence (PL), X-ray-induced luminescence, and mechanoluminescence, is investigated. Insight in luminescence mechanisms is gained by evaluating the Mn 2+ concentration effects. Under the excitation of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition, the most intense PL is obtained. X-ray-induced luminescence shows similar features with PL excited by band edge UV absorption due to the same valence band to conduction band transition nature. Benefiting much from trap levels introduced by Mn 2+ impurities, the quenching behavior mechanoluminescence is more like the directly excited PL from Mn 2+ d-d transitions. Interestingly, this concentration preference leads to varying degrees of spectral redshift in each mode luminescence. Further, SrZn 2 S 2 O:Mn 2+ exhibits a good linear response to the excitation power, which makes it potential candidates for applications in X-ray radiation detection and mechanical stress sensing.

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Mechanoluminescence materials for advanced artificial skin

Cited by 66 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanoluminescence Rebrightening the Prospects of Stress Sensing: A Review

Mechanoluminescence Rebrightening the Prospects of Stress Sensing: A Review

Self‐Recoverable Mechanically Induced Instant Luminescence from Cr³⁺‐Doped LiGa₅O₈

Luminescence in Manganese (II)-Doped SrZn2S2O Crystals From Multiple Energy Conversion

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Mechanoluminescence materials for advanced artificial skin

Cited by 66 publications

References 15 publications

Mechanoluminescence Rebrightening the Prospects of Stress Sensing: A Review

Mechanoluminescence Rebrightening the Prospects of Stress Sensing: A Review

Self‐Recoverable Mechanically Induced Instant Luminescence from Cr3+‐Doped LiGa5O8

Luminescence in Manganese (II)-Doped SrZn2S2O Crystals From Multiple Energy Conversion

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Product

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Self‐Recoverable Mechanically Induced Instant Luminescence from Cr³⁺‐Doped LiGa₅O₈