Mechanochromic fluorescence in epoxy as a detection method for barely visible impact damage in CFRP composites

Toivola, Ryan; Lai, Po−Ni; Yang, Jeffrey; Jang, Sei‐Hum; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.; Flinn, Brian D.

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.11.026

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Many researches have been conducted to detect BVID in laminated composites using different NDE techniques [7][8][9][10][11]. Polimeno et al [12] used the Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy (NEWS) to detect BVID in carbon fiber composite plates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barely visible impact damage assessment in laminated composites using acoustic emission

Saeedifar

Najafabadi

Zarouchas

et al. 2018

Composites Part B: Engineering

110

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Despite the key advantages of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites, they are susceptible to Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) under transverse loadings. This study investigates BVID in two quasi-isotropic carbon/ epoxy laminates under quasi-static indentation and Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) loadings using Acoustic Emission (AE). First, the evolution of interlaminar and intralaminar damages is studied by analyzing the AE signals of the indentation test using b-value and sentry function methods. Then, the specimens are subjected to the LVI loading and the induced damages are compared with the indentation test and the percentage of each damage mechanism is calculated using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT). In consistent with the mechanical data, ultrasonic C-scan and digital camera images of the specimens, the AE results show a considerable similarity between the induced BVID under quasi-static indentation and LVI tests. Finally, the obtained results show that AE is a powerful tool to study BVID in laminated composites under quasi-static and dynamic transverse loadings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barely visible impact damage assessment in laminated composites using acoustic emission

Saeedifar

Najafabadi

Zarouchas

et al. 2018

Composites Part B: Engineering

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this sense, different studies have shown the ability to generate composites in which the integrated CPs retain their original properties. 14 The new composites integrating thermoluminescent and/or mechanoluminescent CPs within organic polymers will represent a field which will allow the design of new devices with potential applications in the aerospace, 15 transport, packaging, 16 and structural failure or impact industry, among others. 17 We have to mention that it is a little studied field, especially in the area of mechanoluminescent composite materials where the few published examples are based on the use of microparticles of ZnS with organic matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart composite films of nanometric thickness based on copper–iodine coordination polymers. Toward sensors

et al. 2018

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“…Such systems are only starting to emerge in the literature. Figure shows the gradual increase in optical signal intensity of a mechanochromic epoxy resin as a function of increasing compressive stress . The fluorescence threshold is at ≈1.0 GPa.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same team discovered that a certain combination of epoxy monomer and amine curing agent (tetraglycidyl‐4′‐4‐diaminodiphenylmethane and diethylenetriamine) results in materials that fluoresce red when compressed. The epoxy thermoset was tested as coating on carbon‐fiber‐reinforced composites and could report BVID ( Figure ) . Most likely, the fluorescence stems from fluorescent radical species that form due to force‐induced bond rupture.…”

Section: Mechanochromic Fiber‐reinforced Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self‐Reporting Fiber‐Reinforced Composites That Mimic the Ability of Biological Materials to Sense and Report Damage

et al. 2018

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Sensing of damage, deformation, and mechanical forces is of vital importance in many applications of fiber-reinforced polymer composites, as it allows the structural health and integrity of composite components to be monitored and microdamage to be detected before it leads to catastrophic material failure. Bioinspired and biomimetic approaches to self-sensing and self-reporting materials are reviewed. Examples include bruising coatings and bleeding composites based on dye-filled microcapsules, hollow fibers, and vascular networks. Force-induced changes in color, fluorescence, or luminescence are achieved by mechanochromic epoxy resins, or by mechanophores and force-responsive proteins located at the interface of glass/carbon fibers and polymers. Composites can also feel strain, stress, and damage through embedded optical and electrical sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating sensors, or by resistance measurements of dispersed carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes. Bioinspired composites with the ability to show autonomously if and where they have been damaged lead to a multitude of opportunities for aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and wind-turbine applications. They range from safety features for the detection of barely visible impact damage, to the real-time monitoring of deformation of load-bearing components.

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Mechanochromic fluorescence in epoxy as a detection method for barely visible impact damage in CFRP composites

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Barely visible impact damage assessment in laminated composites using acoustic emission

Barely visible impact damage assessment in laminated composites using acoustic emission

Smart composite films of nanometric thickness based on copper–iodine coordination polymers. Toward sensors

Self‐Reporting Fiber‐Reinforced Composites That Mimic the Ability of Biological Materials to Sense and Report Damage

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