Mechanochemistry in Portugal—A Step towards Sustainable Chemical Synthesis

Abstract

In Portugal, publications with mechanochemical methods date back to 2009, with the report on mechanochemical strategies for the synthesis of metallopharmaceuticals. Since then, mechanochemical applications have grown in Portugal, spanning several fields, mainly crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and organic and inorganic chemistry. The area with the most increased development is the synthesis of multicomponent crystal forms, with several groups synthesizing solvates, salts, and cocrystals in which the main objective was to improve physical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Recently, non-crystalline materials, such as ionic liquids and amorphous solid dispersions, have also been studied using mechanochemical methods. An area that is in expansion is the use of mechanochemical synthesis of bioinspired metal-organic frameworks with an emphasis in antibiotic coordination frameworks. The use of mechanochemistry for catalysis and organic and inorganic synthesis has also grown due to the synthetic advantages, ease of synthesis, scalability, sustainability, and, in the majority of cases, the superior properties of the synthesized materials. It can be easily concluded that mechanochemistry is expanding in Portugal in diverse research areas.

A Comprehensive Review on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Use to Extract Bioactive Compounds of Pharmaceutical Interest

“…The simplest solution to the solvent use problem would be to develop methods that do not require solvents, such as mechanochemical methods [ 15 , 16 ]; however, this is not always feasible, and therefore, these compounds should be avoided or replaced by innocuous solvents for the same purposes [ 1 , 17 ].…”

Mechanochemical Phosphorylation of Acetylides Using Condensed Phosphates: A Sustainable Route to Alkynyl Phosphonates

“…Previously, we have shown that P–C bonds can be accessed from bis(trichlorosilyl)phosphide (Figure A, top), an intermediate directly prepared from phosphates, bypassing the hazardous P 4 . − More recently, we demonstrated that phosphite can be produced from condensed phosphates and metal hydrides without traversing lower oxidation states than +3. , This “hydride phosphorylation” breakthrough was made possible by mechanochemistry, an increasingly popular technique that is often recognized as green and sustainable. − Moreover, polyphosphates recovered from microorganisms were also shown to be promising substrates …”

Shock-Induced Degradation of Guanosine and Uridine Promoted by Nickel and Carbonate: Potential Applications

“…Mechanochemistry makes use of the absorption of mechanical energy (by molecules, ions, etc.) to promote chemical reactions [1]. Depending on the type of ball milling (mixer, planetary, or rolling mill), several sources of mechanical energy (impact, tension, and friction) can take place [2].…”