Mechanochemical synthesis of BaTiO3 from barium titanyl oxalate

Formation mechanism of barium titanate by thermal decomposition of barium titanyl oxalate

“…According to the GC/MS spectra shown in Fig. 3, significant amount of O 2 was evolved at 357 and 720 8C, which is opposed to the general belief so far that CO, CO 2 and H 2 O are the only gaseous products of BTO decomposition [3,6,7,9,10,[13][14][15][16].…”

“…An example is the appearance of BaCO 3 and TiO 2 as intermediate phases, where some researchers proposed the formation of these as intermediate phases [2,4,6,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13], while others denied [1,3,[14][15][16]. Although there are some reports on the decomposition mechanism of BTO [3,6,7,9,10,[13][14][15][16], the model proposed by Gopalakrishnamurthy et al in 1975 is generally accepted [3], which can be divided into the following 5 steps:…”

Effect of mechanical milling on the structural and dielectric properties of BaTiO 3 powders

“…1. Introduction: Mechanochemical or attrition milling [1][2][3][4] are being used to produce nanopowders from bulk material in large quantities because in the intensive milling process the solid-state reaction happens at comparatively low temperatures [5][6][7][8]. However, the properties may be changed to nanosize when the grain size of any material is reduced to nanoscale level.…”

Thermal Decomposition of Degassed Barium Titanyl Oxalate: In Comparison to the Solid-State Reaction Mechanism

“…Since Clabaugh et al 2 reported the thermo‐analytical results on BTO decomposition in 1956, much effort has been made to explain the BaTiO 3 formation mechanism from BTO. Although there are some controversies regarding the thermal decomposition mechanism of BTO, including the appearance of BaCO 3 and TiO 2 as intermediate phases, 2–12 the model proposed by Gopalakrishnamurthy et al 13 in 1975 is generally accepted, which can be divided into the following five steps.…”