Mechanochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization: development, scope, and mechano-exclusive polymer synthesis

Abstract

Ruthenium-alkylidene initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization has been realized under solid-state conditions by employing a mechanochemical ball milling method. This method promotes greenness and broadens the scope to include mechano-exclusive products....

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Polyanilines and Their Nanocomposites: A Critical Review

“…Using mechanized milling devices (e.g., ball mill), it would be possible to study the effect of milling parameters (material of ball and jars, number and size of the balls, frequency of rotation, etc.) on the MCP of anilines, as already suggested by Krisenbaum et al [ 23 ]. Such a study has been performed for the Gilch synthesis of poly(phenylene vinylene) [ 145 ].…”

“…It seems that the oxidation reaction of aniline (or the growing chain) by persulfate is little affected by temperature. However, to maintain the aqueous/alcoholic solution liquid, they have to add up to 2 M LiCl, and it has been shown that the presence of a high Cl − concentration induces chlorine incorporation in the chain [ 23 ]. On the other hand, MCP of dry aniline salts could be made at any temperature without additives.…”

“…Besides reacting solids, modern work in mechanochemical synthesis (MS) includes the use of small amounts of liquid (liquid assisted grinding, LAG [ 20 ]), solid diluents [ 21 ], or even additional polymers [ 22 ] to produce the reaction. Of great interest are those materials which cannot be made by a solution reaction but occur under MCP [ 23 ]. However, only one mechano-exclusive synthesis, that is, a conducting polymer only produced by MCP, has been reported [ 24 ].…”

Mechanochemical solid-state vinyl polymerization with anionic initiator

“…6 In the 21 st century, which is the era of green chemistry, attention to mechanochemical polymer synthesis has increased. Various polymerization techniques are now on the list of mechanochemistry, such as radical polymerization of vinyl compounds, 6 ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and carbonates, 7 metathesis polymerization, 8 and step polymerization to generate polyaniline, polyphenylene, poly(phenylene vinylene), and polyurethane. 9 These examples demonstrate that mechanochemical polymer synthesis offers many merits such as (a) advancing green metrics in polymer science, (b) improving the efficiency of syntheses, (c) better performance of the resulting polymers, and (d) polymerization of monomers or producing polymers with limited solubility.…”

Mechanoredox Catalysis Enables a Sustainable and Versatile Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Process

“…For example, it is difficult to copolymerize immiscible monomers in solution due to lack of a common solvent; recent work from Kim et al on mechanochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization exemplifies these issues. [51] The synthesis of welldefined semifluorinated polymers using conventional CRP methods often suffer from broad molar mass distribution and/or use of expensive fluorinated solvent as recently demonstrated by Chen and Hawker. [52][53][54][55][56] Additional advan-…”