Mechanochemical Methods

Mechanosynthesized BiFeO3 Nanoparticles with Highly Reactive Surface and Enhanced Magnetization

“…Although a surge of investigations in the field of mechanochemistry has resulted in the preparation of various metastable solids, − the understanding of the basic reaction mechanisms and kinetics of mechanosynthesis has still not reached a satisfactory level, with the main reason probably being the complexity of the mechanochemical formation reactions and the shortage of systematic studies. Taking into account the present evidence of the inherently unstable and reactive mechanosynthesized surfaces (Figure ), it may be assumed that, during the early stages of high-energy milling, the reaction precursors are mixed at the molecular level and that a new mechanosynthesized phase nucleates at interfaces between the solid reactants during the impact period.…”

“…In many cases, this results in the formation of multiphase products and, consequently, in the degradation of microstructural and functional properties of the multiferroic material. , Various wet chemistry-based routes have also been developed to synthesize nanosized multiferroic powders. − However, most of the chemistry-based routes still involve calcinations, although at relatively lower temperatures . Among the many types of preparation and processing techniques, the nonconventional mechanochemical route (mechanosynthesis) has been recognized as a powerful method for the one-step production of nanomaterials. − In the last years, a surge of investigations in the field of mechanochemistry have clearly demonstrated that a variety of complex oxides, including ferrites, − can be synthesized at ambient temperature directly from their precursors in the form of nanosized powders, without the need for the calcination at intermediate temperatures, thus making the process very simple and cost-effective.…”

Sustainable C–H functionalization under ball-milling, microwave-irradiation and aqueous media

“…Ball milling in particular, is employed outside of the conventional organic reaction routes, in inorganic catalysis design pathways and in assembling co-crystals of pharmaceutically-relevant molecules. 44,45 a,b Such transformations are executed by mechanical grinding in these systems. On a positive note, mechanochemical synthesis compared with solvent-based pathways, has reduced reaction times, lowered toxic organic solvent use and used reaction conditions which are by-far more benign.…”