Mechano-Chemical Reclamationof Waste Rubber Powder andIts Effect on the                performanceof NR and SBR Vulcanizates

Yehia, A. A.; Ismail, M. N.; Hefny, Y. A.; Abdel‐Bary, E. M.; Mull, M. A.

doi:10.1177/0095244304039896

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…8) compared with original rubber vulcanizates, which reduces the maximum rheometric torque. The reason for decrease in scorch time is less evident, however, Phadke et al 18 and Yehia et al 17 observed a similar effect for filled natural rubber vulcanizate with ground scrap rubber. According to De et al, 1 the devulcanized rubber contains active cross-linking gel, which reduces the scorch time.…”

Section: Cure Characteristics Of the Vulcanizatesmentioning

confidence: 93%

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A novel devulcanization technology for vulcanized natural rubber

Jana

Mahaling

Das

2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Devulcanization of waste rubber poses a challenging environmental, economical, and disposal problem in the world because of their cross-linked three-dimensional network structure. Devulcanization of gum natural rubber vulcanizate containing three different sulfur/accelerator ratios was carried out in 90°C for 10 min with the help of open two-roll cracker cum mixing mill in presence and absence of thiol acid as a devulcanizing agent. The vulcanizate properties markedly depended on devulcanizing agent and also devulcanization techniques. Revulcanized rubber obtained by devulcanizing with thiol acid offered better mechanical properties. Decrease in scorch time and increase in rheometric torque were observed for revulcanized rubber containing devulcanizing agent. The onset degradation temperature largely depended on presence of thiol acid. IR spectroscopic results revealed that the main polymeric chain did not oxidize at the time of milling above the room temperature. Increase in storage modulus and decrease in loss modulus were observed for revulcanized rubber from DMA study. The SEM was considered to study the failure mechanism and homogeneity of the vulcanizate. By adopting this devulcanization technique, more than 85% mechanical property of vulcanized natural rubber was retained.

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Section: Cure Characteristics Of the Vulcanizatesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For revulcanized rubber, there is a decrease in maximum rheometric torque and scorch time. The revulcanized rubber vulcanizates contain less gel fraction 17 ( Fig. 8) compared with original rubber vulcanizates, which reduces the maximum rheometric torque.…”

Section: Cure Characteristics Of the Vulcanizatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel devulcanization technology for vulcanized natural rubber

Jana

Mahaling

Das

2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Due to the structure, GTR acts more like fillers which does not flow and agglomerates in the rubber matrix increasing the compound viscosity. The increase in viscosity translates to increase in the minimum torque [64]. RTR has more mobility compared to GTR, hence showing only slight increment in minimum torque [42].…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers observed reduction in scorch time with addition of GTR or RTR [42, 62-64, 66, 68-75]. This phenomenon is linked to presence of crosslink precursors and unreacted curatives in GTR/RTR or presence of active crosslinking sites in GTR/RTR which accelerate the crosslinking reaction upon heating [42,62,64,66,70,71]. Migration of crosslink precursors such as accelerator from GTR/RTR to the virgin rubber matrix leads to decrease in scorch time [42,69].…”

Section: Cure Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste tire rubber in polymer blends: A review on the evolution, properties and future

Ramarad

Khalid

Ratnam

et al. 2015

Progress in Materials Science

422

253

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Please cite this article as: Ramarad, S., Khalid, M., Ratnam, C.T., Luqman Chuah, A., Rashmi, W., Waste tire rubber in polymer blends: A review on the evolution, properties and future, Progress in Materials Science (2015), doi: http://dx. AbstractThis review addresses the progress in waste tire recycling with a particular attention to incorporation of waste tire rubber (WTR) into polymeric matrices. Methods of waste tire downsizing, importance of WTR characterization and current practice of WTR modification has been emphasized. Detailed discussion on influence of WTR size, loading, modification, compatibilization and crosslinking on the rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of rubber, thermoplastic and thermoplastic elastomer blends utilizing WTR has been reported.By far, thermoplastic elastomer blends; though still in its infancy; has shown the most promising properties balance which is capable of commercialization. Rubber/WTR blends 2 also show ease of processing and acceptable properties. Thermoplastic/WTR blends suffers in term of toughness and elongation at break. However, the waste thermoplastic/WTR is a viable solution to address polymeric waste problem. Review also highlights the lack of studies concentrating on dynamic mechanical, aging, thermal and swelling properties of WTR polymeric blends.

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“…However, all of these devulcanization methods are unable to produce a product that is similar to virgin rubber. Rubber recycling technologies such as mechanical [9,10], mechanochemical [11][12][13][14][15], ultrasonic [16], chemical [17][18][19], microwave [3,[20][21][22] and biological methods [23] have been developed with the targets of higher product quality and percent yield. Devulcanization provided the advantage of rendering the rubber suitable for reformulating and recycling into usable products [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber and microwave devulcanized ground tire rubber composites

Karabörk

Pehlivan

Akdemir

2014

Journal of Polymer Engineering

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Ground tire rubber (GTR) was devulcanized by microwaves at the same heating rate (constant power) and different times of exposure. The devulcanized rubber (DV-R) and untreated GTR were characterized physically and thermally. Composite materials were prepared from different proportions of the GTR, which was used as a filler, and the DV-R, which was used as part of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix, and by varying the exposure time of the microwave power. These composites were compared with a control sample that was prepared from virgin SBR. The sol content (soluble part) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the devulcanized samples were examined to define the efficiency of devulcanization. The cure characteristics and tensile properties of the SBR composites were researched. In this study, it was found that using DV-R as part of the rubber matrix produced much better properties than using GTR as a filler, thereby showing the significant benefits of microwave devulcanization. At the DV-R content of 50 phr, the elongation at break of the DV-R 5 min/SBR composites increased to 445.06% from 217.25% for the GTR/SBR composites, i.e., the elongation at break was enhanced by 105% by the devulcanization of GTR. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs displayed a better interface coherence between the DV-R 5 min and SBR matrix than the GTR/SBR composites.

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Mechano-Chemical Reclamationof Waste Rubber Powder andIts Effect on the performanceof NR and SBR Vulcanizates

Cited by 51 publications

References 19 publications

A novel devulcanization technology for vulcanized natural rubber

A novel devulcanization technology for vulcanized natural rubber

Waste tire rubber in polymer blends: A review on the evolution, properties and future

Characterization of styrene butadiene rubber and microwave devulcanized ground tire rubber composites

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