Abstract:Skin-mounted soft electronics incorporating high-bandwidth triaxial accelerometers can provide broad classes of physiologically relevant information, such as mechanoacoustic signatures of underlying body processes (such as those captured by a stethoscope) and precision kinematics of core body motions. Here, we describe a wireless device designed to be conformally placed on the suprasternal notch for the continuous measurement of mechanoacoustic signals, from subtle vibrations of the skin at accelerations of ~1… Show more
“…In contrast, the SCG is a mechanical signal that measures the movement of the chest wall in response to underlying cardiovascular events. Prior work has used SCG, which has been deployed on numerous wearable systems ( 6 , 7 ), to estimate pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), two important features of cardiomechanical function ( 8 ). Last, the PPG is an optical signal that is used to monitor the flow of blood through peripheral vasculature ( 9 ).…”
As the leading cause of trauma-related mortality, blood loss due to hemorrhage is notoriously difficult to triage and manage. To enable timely and appropriate care for patients with trauma, this work elucidates the externally measurable physiological features of exsanguination, which were used to develop a globalized model for assessing blood volume status (BVS) or the relative severity of blood loss. These features were captured via both a multimodal wearable system and a catheter-based reference and used to accurately infer BVS in a porcine model of hemorrhage (n = 6). Ultimately, high-level features of cardiomechanical function were shown to strongly predict progression toward cardiovascular collapse and used to estimate BVS with a median error of 15.17 and 18.17% for the catheter-based and wearable systems, respectively. Exploring the nexus of biomedical theory and practice, these findings lay the groundwork for digital biomarkers of hemorrhage severity and warrant further study in human subjects.
“…In contrast, the SCG is a mechanical signal that measures the movement of the chest wall in response to underlying cardiovascular events. Prior work has used SCG, which has been deployed on numerous wearable systems ( 6 , 7 ), to estimate pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET), two important features of cardiomechanical function ( 8 ). Last, the PPG is an optical signal that is used to monitor the flow of blood through peripheral vasculature ( 9 ).…”
As the leading cause of trauma-related mortality, blood loss due to hemorrhage is notoriously difficult to triage and manage. To enable timely and appropriate care for patients with trauma, this work elucidates the externally measurable physiological features of exsanguination, which were used to develop a globalized model for assessing blood volume status (BVS) or the relative severity of blood loss. These features were captured via both a multimodal wearable system and a catheter-based reference and used to accurately infer BVS in a porcine model of hemorrhage (n = 6). Ultimately, high-level features of cardiomechanical function were shown to strongly predict progression toward cardiovascular collapse and used to estimate BVS with a median error of 15.17 and 18.17% for the catheter-based and wearable systems, respectively. Exploring the nexus of biomedical theory and practice, these findings lay the groundwork for digital biomarkers of hemorrhage severity and warrant further study in human subjects.
“…Here, a thin, soft sensor with a high-bandwidth accelerometer and a precision temperature sensor mounts in direct mechanical communication with the skin overlying the suprasternal notch ( Fig. 1) (22). This small area of the body at the base of the neck provides an excellent interface to the intrathoracic cavity for high-fidelity recordings of respiratory activity from cough frequency, intensity, and duration, to respiratory rate and effort, to high frequency respiratory features associated with wheezing and sneezing.…”
“…There is growing interest in developing large-area flexible electronics for applications across numerous sectors, including wearables, robotics, consumer electronics, and healthcare [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Flexible electronics has several advantages such as conformability to different shapes, which make it indispensable for above application areas where electronic devices are needed on unconventional substrates to either conform to curvy surfaces or to degrade naturally [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”
The Printed Electronics (PE) is expected to revolutionise the way electronics will be manufactured in the future. Building on the achievements of the traditional printing industry, and the recent advances in flexible electronics and digital technologies, PE may even substitute the conventional silicon-based electronics if the performance of printed devices and circuits can be at par with silicon-based devices. In this regard, the inorganic semiconducting materials-based approaches have opened new avenues as printed nano (e.g. nanowires (NWs), nanoribbons (NRs) etc.), micro (e.g. microwires (MWs)) and chip (e.g. ultra-thin chips (UTCs)) scale structures from these materials have been shown to have performances at par with silicon-based electronics. This paper reviews the developments related to inorganic semiconducting materials based high-performance large area PE, particularly using the two routes i.e. Contact Printing (CP) and Transfer Printing (TP). The detailed survey of these technologies for large area PE onto various unconventional substrates (e.g. plastic, paper etc.) is presented along with some examples of electronic devices and circuit developed with printed NWs, NRs and UTCs. Finally, we discuss the opportunities offered by PE, and the technical challenges and viable solutions for the integration of inorganic functional materials into large areas, 3D layouts for high throughput, and industrial-scale manufacturing using printing technologies.
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