Mechanized Collection and Densification of Rice Straw

Balingbing, Carlito; Hùng, Nguyễn Văn; Nghi, Nguyen Thanh; Hiếu, Nguyễn Văn; Roxas, Ampy Paulo; Tado, C.J.M.; Bautista, E. U.; Gummert, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32373-8_2

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, challenges hinder the smooth utilization of straw. The introduction of combine harvesters has made straw collection a major challenge, requiring efficient collection methods like balers [66]. There is a conflict between the state and central government regarding the environmentally friendly treatment of paddy straw, with the state supporting incorporation into the soil while the central government favors ex-situ treatments.…”

Section: Policy Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities in Sustainable Stubble Management in Punjab: A Review

Anand,

Kaur

2024

IJECC

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The review highlights the situation of paddy stubble farming in Punjab, where farmers aim to prevent environmental harm by avoiding crop residue burning. Despite this intent, challenges such as insufficient machinery and lack of crop insurance hinder their transition to sustainable practices. Punjab, a key agricultural region in India, faces issues like air pollution and environmental degradation due to stubble burning. Farmers increasingly recognize these problems and are willing to explore alternatives. Farmers in Punjab are committed to adopting sustainable practices to minimize stubble burning's adverse effects on soil health and pollution. However, they face obstacles, notably the high cost and limited availability of necessary machinery such as happy seeders and mulchers, particularly affecting small-scale farmers. Additionally, inadequate crop insurance exacerbates the situation by failing to cover risks associated with stubble management, dissuading farmers from transitioning. To address these challenges, promoting accessible and affordable environmentally friendly machinery is crucial. Collaborative efforts between the government and private sector can facilitate this. Moreover, revising crop insurance policies to include stubble management risks will provide farmers with the confidence and financial security needed to adopt sustainable practices. Stakeholder collaboration is essential to create a supportive environment for farmers, enabling Punjab to lead in sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship.

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Section: Policy Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities in Sustainable Stubble Management in Punjab: A Review

Anand,

Kaur

2024

IJECC

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“…The potential value of rice straw as fodder is currently being explored by government ventures (The Tribune 2021, and Insightsias 2021), and warrants further investigation. In addition, the activity of balers improves the soil and environmental health by means of avoiding its burning (Balingbing et al 2020). A 45 fold reduction in gaseous emissions is estimated with the use of baler to collect rice straw, instead of burning (Pal et al 2019).…”

Section: Rakers and Balersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice residue burning in Northern India: an assessment of environmental concerns and potential solutions – a review

Parihar

Narang

Dogra

et al. 2023

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Environmental alarms like climate change and rising air pollution levels in north India, particularly in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), draw attention to the severe issue of Rice straw burning. Straw burning is the common practice in Punjab and Haryana's Indo-Gangetic plains. Large-scale burning of residues (straw and stubble) is a severe problem that emits Green House Gases (GHGs) while polluting the air, posing health problems, and eliminating micronutrients from burned-out field. Residue management has been a problem for the paddy farmers and as time changes, it is necessary to update their practices. For the disposal of rice residue, farmers are constrained by an insufficient technology base and a lack of viable economic solutions. Technical solutions are available, classified mainly as on-site (in-situ) and off-site (ex-situ) solutions, the in-situ solution includes a variety of machines that can be used to incorporate or mulch residue efficiently. While ex-situ management allow collecting the residue from field for various applications such as energy production, briquetting, composting, paper and cardboard making, and for mushroom cultivation. Farmers in North India are not aware of the prolific alternatives for managing stubble and, therefore, consider burning as the best option. Therefore, extensive awareness programs are needed to inform farmers about economic options and the effects of stubble burning. Zero till drill, happy seeder and super Straw Management System (SMS) are recommended for the farmers, and need to be supplied in sufficient quantity to evade residue burning in these regions. Meanwhile, alternative technology for straw management constitutes an active area of research, area-specific and crop-specific applications need to be evolved. All stakeholders i.e., farmers, researchers, extension agents and policy makers need to be engaged in understanding and harnessing the full potential of using crop residues with conservation agriculture for sustainability and resilience of Indian agriculture.

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“…This baler has to stop periodically for tying the bales and during unloading. The baler is connected through a three-point linkage with the hydraulic system for controlling the pick-up height [26].…”

Section: Experimental Design and Machines Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One downside of the roller-type baler is that it cannot work continuously in the field as the operation must stop periodically during tying and unloading of the bales. On the other hand, the piston-type or square baler can be operated continuously without needing to stop when bales are unloaded [26]. The wider and longer dimension of the square baler with the tractor pulling it is a disadvantage when maneuvering through narrow farm roads in certain locations in the Philippines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment on the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Mechanized Rice Straw Collection in the Philippines

et al. 2020

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The increasing utilization of rice combine harvesters in the Philippines has made collection of scattered rice straw difficult and laborious. While there are high demands for using rice straw, e.g., for feed or mushroom production, rice straw is predominantly burned in the field due to labor shortages and the high manual cost of collection, particularly for scattered rice straw harvested by combine harvesters. This study conducted an assessment and evaluated the feasibility of mechanized collection of rice straw by comparing the performance of two types of baler (i.e., roller and piston type) for two seasons—2019 wet and dry seasons at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and in Nueva Ecija, the Philippines. The study collected data on fuel consumption, manpower requirements, and field capacity by operating the balers to collect scattered rice straw in the field and piled rice straw that was left in the field after threshing. The round baler operated at 35% lower effective field capacity (EFC) on piled rice straw than on scattered rice straw, while the square baler operated at 2.33 times and 5.79 times higher EFC compared with the round baler on piled and scattered rice straw, respectively. The square baler used for collecting scattered rice straw is more appropriate under Philippine conditions, with a significantly lower baling cost by about 68% and an average EFC that is 4.43 times higher compared to the round baler. With the increasing demand for rice straw as feedstock for ruminants and for other alternative uses, using mechanical balers to gather scattered rice straw in the field is a sustainable option for farmers to utilize the straw for value-adding purposes. This is a foremost study conducted in the Philippine to guide policy makers, development workers, and end-users on the suitability of either square balers or round balers to gather scattered rice straw in the field after rice harvesting with combines.

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Mechanized Collection and Densification of Rice Straw

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Challenges and Opportunities in Sustainable Stubble Management in Punjab: A Review

Challenges and Opportunities in Sustainable Stubble Management in Punjab: A Review

Rice residue burning in Northern India: an assessment of environmental concerns and potential solutions – a review

An Assessment on the Technical and Economic Feasibility of Mechanized Rice Straw Collection in the Philippines

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