Mechanistic Understanding of Toxicity from Nanocatalysts

Jiang, Cuijuan; Jia, Jianbo; Zhai, Shumei

doi:10.3390/ijms150813967

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 195 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…The IOMP nanoparticles may exhibit some cytotoxicity via autoxidation and the Fenton reaction resulting in the oxidation of proteins and lipids and damage of nucleic acids [10]. The IOMPs have been found slightly cytotoxic in vitro; however, they have been shown biocompatible in vivo at low concentrations [11].…”

Section: Journal Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterisation of Highly Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Kovar

Malá

Mlčochová

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Magnetic nanoparticles produced using aqueous coprecipitation usually exhibit wide particle size distribution. Synthesis of small and uniform magnetic nanoparticles has been the subject of extensive research over recent years. Sufficiently small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles easily permeate tissues and may enhance the contrast in magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, their unique small size also allows them to migrate into cells and other body compartments. To better control their synthesis, a chemical coprecipitation protocol was carefully optimised regarding the influence of the injection rate of base and incubation times. The citrate-stabilised particles were produced with a narrow average size range below 2 nm and excellent stability. The stability of nanoparticles was monitored by long-term measurement of zeta potentials and relaxivity. Biocompatibility was tested on the Caki-2 cells with good tolerance. The application of nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was then evaluated. The relaxivities (r1,r2) and r2/r1 ratio calculated from MR images of prepared phantoms indicate the nanoparticles as a promising T2-contrast probe.

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Section: Journal Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterisation of Highly Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Kovar

Malá

Mlčochová

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…Human Embryonic Kidney 293T (HEK-293) cell line is a good model system for toxicity studies because of its robustness and high transfection efficiency, 21 and it has already been used to study cytotoxicity of other carbon materials. 22 Then, the toxicity studies have been extended to a living organism C. elegans (nematodes), which served as a good model system because of the availability of its complete genome data, transparent body, and variable cellular activities. 23 A wide range of dose dependent toxicity studies of graphene up to 500 μg mL -1 was feasible in the current studies, because high concentrations of graphene could be produced directly in cell media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the Graphene–Bio Interface: Dispersions in Animal Sera for Enhanced Stability and Reduced Toxicity

et al. 2017

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Liquid phase exfoliation of graphite in six different animal sera and evaluation of its toxicity are reported here. Previously, we reported the exfoliation of graphene using proteins and here we extend this approach complex animal fluids. The kitchen blender with high turbulence flow gave high quality and maximum exfoliation efficiency in all sera tested, when compared to shear and ultrasonication methods. Raman spectra and electron microscopy confirmed the formation of 3-4 layer, submicron size graphene, independent of the serum used. Graphene prepared in serum was directly transferred to cell culture media without post treatments. Contrary to many reports, nanotoxicity study of this fully dispersed graphene to human embryonic kidney cells, human lung cancer cells and nematodes (C. elegans) showed no acute toxicity for up to 7 days at various doses (50-500 μg/mL). But prolonged exposure at higher doses (300-500 μg/mL, 10-15 days) showed cytotoxicity to cells (~95% death) and reproductive toxicity to C. elegans (5-10% reduction in brood size). The origin of toxicity was found to be due to the highly fragmented smaller graphene sheets (<200 nm), while the larger sheets were non-toxic (50-300 μg/mL dose). In contrast, graphene produced with sodium cholate as the mediator has been found to be cytotoxic to these cells at these dosages. We demonstrated the toxicity of liquid phase exfoliated graphene is attributed to highly fragmented fractions or non-biocompatible exfoliating agents. Thus, low toxicity graphene/serum suspensions are produced by a facile method in biological media, this approach may accelerate the much-anticipated development of graphene for biological applications.

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“…Furthermore, the toxicity of nanoparticles is also determined by factors such as particle size and surface functionalization [16]. Although to some degree, the toxicity and adverse effects of commonly used nanocatalysts have been realized, a comprehensive investigation is still required [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Waste Management by Using Nanophotocatalysts: The Need for New Options

et al. 2020

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Biomedical waste management is getting significant consideration among treatment technologies, since insufficient management can cause danger to medicinal service specialists, patients, and their environmental conditions. The improvement of waste administration protocols, plans, and policies are surveyed, despite setting up training programs on legitimate waste administration for all healthcare service staff. Most biomedical waste substances do not degrade in the environment, and may also not be thoroughly removed through treatment processes. Therefore, the long-lasting persistence of biomedical waste can effectively have adverse impact on wildlife and human beings, as well. Hence, photocatalysis is gaining increasing attention for eradication of pollutants and for improving the safety and clearness of the environment due to its great potential as a green and eco-friendly process. In this regard, nanostructured photocatalysts, in contrast to their regular counterparts, exhibit significant attributes such as non-toxicity, low cost and higher absorption efficiency in a wider range of the solar spectrum, making them the best candidate to employ for photodegradation. Due to these unique properties of nanophotocatalysts for biomedical waste management, we aim to critically evaluate various aspects of these materials in the present review and highlight their importance in healthcare service settings.

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Mechanistic Understanding of Toxicity from Nanocatalysts

Cited by 24 publications

References 195 publications

Preparation and Characterisation of Highly Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Preparation and Characterisation of Highly Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Controlling the Graphene–Bio Interface: Dispersions in Animal Sera for Enhanced Stability and Reduced Toxicity

Biomedical Waste Management by Using Nanophotocatalysts: The Need for New Options

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