Mechanistic Understanding of the Symbiotic Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and the Host

Yan, Fang

doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.05.003

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Trillions of microbes colonize in gastrointestinal tract and keep a delicate balance in a symbiotic relationship with the host [27]. In our study, we found that the gut microbial structure of calves changed greatly with their health status and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The characteristics of diarrhea-related bacteria in suckling calves and their dynamic succession with ages

Tang,

Wang,

Cui

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Calf diarrhea is one of the major health problems in calf rearing on dairy farms worldwide. The gut microbes have great influence on prevention and treatment of calf diarrhea, but their role in diarrhea is still lacking. The objective of this study was to identify the diarrhea-related bacteria in two different days of age, and to investigate whether these bacteria were affected by calf ages. Results Forty-eight new-born female calves were selected for recording the fecal score daily and collecting the rectal content at 15 and 35 days of age, respectively. The diarrhea status and health score of calves in two different ages were evaluated according to the fecal score. The rectal microbial fermentation and microbial community structure were different between high-health-status calves and low-health-status calves. Compared to calves with high health status, the low-health-status calves had decreased butyrate molar proportion in rectal feces at both 15 days of age and 35 days of age (P < 0.05). The LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Butyricicoccaceae (Butyricicoccus) and Clostridiaceae (such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Clostridium perfringens) were higher in low-health-status calves at both 15 days of age and 35 days of age. However, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus were lower in low-health-status calves at 15 days of age. At 35 days of age, we found that some member in Prevotellaceae (such as Prevotellaceae bacterium and Prevotella) were especially decreased in low-health-status calves. Using random forest regression analysis, most of these genera mentioned above were identified as diarrhea-related bacteria. Furthermore, we have further revealed that some bacteria, like Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003 and Mogibacterium, were additional diarrhea-related bacteria at 15 days of age. While other bacteria, including Megasphaera, Prevotella 9, Romboutsia, and Citrobacter were additional diarrhea-related bacteria at 35 days of age. The microbial co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the interaction patterns of calf microbiome changed with diarrhea status and ages. Particularly, the potential pathogens, like Escherichia Shigella, had increased participation in co-occurrence networks of diarrheic calves. Among these diarrhea-related bacteria, the genera that positively correlated with health score had apparent co-exclusion with the genera that negatively correlated with health score, but they correlated with rectal short chain fatty acids positively. Conclusions Overall, our study revealed that the diarrhea-related bacteria of calves will vary at different ages, which may contribute to the treatment and prevention of diarrhea in the calf industry by targeted microbial intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The characteristics of diarrhea-related bacteria in suckling calves and their dynamic succession with ages

Tang,

Wang,

Cui

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…15 A mutually beneficial symbiotic interaction exists between the host and the diverse gastrointestinal microbial population that can be found there. 16 Therefore, the gut microbiota plays a major role in host metabolism and is associated with the regulation of the inflammatory status of the host in the gut but is not limited to other organs like the brain. 17 The intestinal microbiota affects neurological, endocrine, and immunological networks through the gut-brain axis, which is the bilateral communication between the central and enteric nervous systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis-Microbiome Interactions in Varied Clinical Contexts: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Thu

Ondee

Hall

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Cannabis is being legalized in many countries for therapeutic and recreational purposes. The cannabinoid compounds are mainly involved in the host metabolism under the endocannabinoid system, and they regulate the intestinal microbiota via an immunomodulatory mechanism leading to obtaining positive effects on the gastrointestinal and immunological systems. Objective: The review is to systematically evaluate their association and the impact of the microbiome on cannabis treatment to support further clinical trials. Methods: Utilizing online sources like PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, a literature search was carried out up to July 20, 2022. The search was restricted to adults with clinical abnormalities and the use of English. An examination of predetermined subgroups under various disease conditions was carried out. The data was combined quantitatively. Result: The study comprised 9 studies with 2526 participants; two were clinical trials and the others were observational studies. One significant factor influencing microbiota variation was marijuana (MJ) usage [R2=0.01, p=0.14]. In HIV patients who used MJ, there were elevated levels of Fusobacterium and Anaerotruncus and lower concentrations of Dorea. The genus Rothia was dominant, but Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas were low at the tongue site, whereas high Selenomonas and low Streptococcus were detected at the oral pharynx region in MJ users in oral cancer patients. Following cannabis use, Lactobacilli and S. mutan were increased in patients with musculoskeletal discomfort. Increases in the circulation of endocannabinoids are associated with an increase in SCFA-producing bacteria and a decrease in the proinflammatory species Collinsella in patients with knee arthritis. Lower Prevotella:Bacteroides ratios were more frequently linked to higher lifetime MJ consumption in those with cognitive impairments (p=0.052). Increased PEA excretion correlated with decreased microbial diversity, which caused anhedonia/amotivation to worsen. A. muciniphila was substantially more prevalent in obese patients after OEA administration. Conclusion: Data from a systematic review suggest that cannabis usage and supplementation of medical cannabis in a variety of clinical problems had links with altering the human microbiome on gut, oral, rectal, and vaginal discharge. It must be taken into consideration in future research on the therapeutic effects of cannabis on patients.

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“…The concept of symbiotics, which includes both probiotics and prebiotics within a food, has been gaining interest in recent times. The individual benefits of probiotics and prebiotics on human digestive health have been widely studied and results show that they have numerous positive effects on the human digestive system, such as improved balance of colonic microflora, bowel habits, and treatment of diarrhea (Mansour et al., 2021 ; Yan, 2020 ). However, the combined effect of probiotics and prebiotics taken together has not been studied widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…as improved balance of colonic microflora, bowel habits, and treatment of diarrhea (Mansour et al, 2021;Yan, 2020). However, the combined effect of probiotics and prebiotics taken together has not been studied widely.…”

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confidence: 99%

A study on the effect of symbiotic fermented milk products on human gastrointestinal health: Double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Liao¹,

Su²,

Zhang³

2022

Food Science & Nutrition

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Several studies have claimed that the consumption of fermented dairy products can improve human gastrointestinal (GI) health. However, the numbers of systematic clinic trials are limited. In this study, a yogurt containing both probiotics and prebiotics was developed and a double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of the product on human gastrointestinal health in three different aspects: (1) the effect on functional constipation (FC) and functional diarrhea (FD); (2) the effect on gastrointestinal (GI) tract immune system; and (3) the changes in GI tract microbiota. Participants who suffered FC or FD were randomized into three groups (n = 66 each group): the first group was treated with fermented milk with Lactobacillus plantarum ST‐III (7 mg/kg) and inulin (1.5%), the second group was treated with L. plantarum ST‐III (7 mg/kg) and inulin (1.0%), and the third group (control group) was treated without probiotics and prebiotics. Half of the participants stopped the treatment after 14 days and the rest of the group continued the trial to the full 28 days. The fecal samples of participants were analyzed regarding their short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and microbiota. A survey on GI tract health was conducted and the Bristol stool scale was recorded. The results showed that the consumption of the symbiotic yogurt for 14 days and 28 days can both improve the digestive system, with the continual consumption of product containing L. plantarum ST‐III (7 mg/kg) and inulin (1.5%) for 28 days showing the most significance. The consumption of this product may be used as a potential functional food.

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Mechanistic Understanding of the Symbiotic Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and the Host

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

The characteristics of diarrhea-related bacteria in suckling calves and their dynamic succession with ages

The characteristics of diarrhea-related bacteria in suckling calves and their dynamic succession with ages

Cannabis-Microbiome Interactions in Varied Clinical Contexts: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

A study on the effect of symbiotic fermented milk products on human gastrointestinal health: Double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial

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